清平乐·太山上作
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金朝]：元好问
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江山残照，落落舒清眺。涧壑风来号万窍，尽入长松悲啸。
井蛙瀚海云涛，醯鸡日远天高。醉眼千峰顶上，世间多少秋毫！
清平乐·太山上作译文及注释
译文
放眼远望，江山映一抹残阳。分明莽莽苍苍。深涧幽壑风来，万千孔穴呜呜作响，汇入松涛声悲壮。
如井蛙面临大海云涛观赏，似醯鸡看到了日远天长。在这千峰顶上，醉眼朦胧微张；见世间多少事务，原来不过与秋毫相当。
注释
词作于金亡后二年(1236)，时作者与友人游泰山。太山，即泰山。
井蛙：作者谦称。井底之蛙，由于受的狭小环境的局限，不知道有个大海，因此也不可能去谈论大海。
醯鸡：醋瓮中一种小虫（即蠛蠓）瓮子有盖盖着，不见天日；一旦揭去盖子，它就见到天了，为词人谦称。
参考资料：
1、陈器之．《历代诗词曲千首精译 下册》：湖南人民出版社，1998.09：第1243页
清平乐·太山上作创作背景
公元1233年蒙古军占领金首都汴京，元好问被羁管于聊城。蒙古太宗八年(1236)，他获得自由，暂居冠氏。这年三月，一位友人将赴泰安，约他同行。在三十天的旅行中，他游览了东岳泰山并写下了散文《东游略记》、《游泰山》诗和这首《清平乐》词。
参考资料：
1、元好问著．《元好问集》：三晋出版社，2008.8：第142页
清平乐·太山上作鉴赏
词为登眺之作，上片写登高所见、所闻，下片写登泰山而产生的自我渺小之感。词中，景象苍莽，境界阔大，充满着对人间伟观的赞叹，也表现了词人开阔的胸怀襟度。同时，“江山残照”之景其字面组合，及“悲啸”、“醉眼”等，也隐藏着词人的家国之痛。
江山残照，落落舒清眺——落落：清晰的样子。清眺：开阔而清晰的视野。这两句是说在泰山顶上，夕阳馀晖映照下的无限江山，苍莽辽阔，可以极目四望，尽情展开视野。在壮美的景色中，词人胸怀也因之宽广，不禁忘却了烦恼与哀痛，陶醉于大自然的造化之中。这两句写景峭拔雄健，气度恢弘，渲染了苍凉旷荡的氛围。“落落舒清眺”受杜甫《次空灵岸》诗“落落展清眺”之影响，但易“展”为“舒”，不仅是平仄格律的要求，而且突出了心情之舒畅和意境之清远。
涧壑风来号万窍，尽人长松悲啸——涧壑：山的沟谷。窍：孔洞。涧壑风来，山鸣应，松林也在风中怒吼悲鸣，林涛奔涌。这两句没有继续写视觉所见，而是转入对听觉形象的描写，在极短的篇幅里面，描写极其丰富的内容，使读者对泰山有了一个立体的多维印象。《庄子·齐物论》：“夫大块噫气，其名为风。是唯无作，作则万窍怒号。”这两句便是由此脱胎而出。其一从山谷中写风，一从松林问写风。风不可见，借物而知，一“号”一“啸”，极为雄壮，富于表现力。“入”字将谷中风和松问风自然完美地连在一起，动感十足。“悲”字又具有词人的主观色彩，同时开启后片的抒情。
井蛙瀚海云涛，醯鸡日远天高——《孟子·尽心上》说，孔子“登泰山而小天下”。泰山以其高耸特立，视野开阔，历来为登临的人们所赞叹。词人登泰山而纵览，自比于井蛙见到波涛如云，醯鸡见到天高日远，大开了眼界。“井蛙”出于《庄子·秋水》：“井蛙不可以语于海者，拘于虚也。”井底之蛙，由于受所处狭小环境的局限，不知道有个大海，因此也不可能去谈论大海。词中以井蛙与瀚海、云涛并列，不用动词连接，只是把几个小大悬殊的事物放在一起，形成鲜明的对比，自然发展了原出典的意思。“醯（xi）鸡”见《庄子·田子方》篇，写孔子求见老聃问道后，出来告诉颜回说：“丘之于道也，其犹醯鸡欤!微（没有）夫子（指老聃）之发吾覆也，吾不知天地之大全也。”醯鸡是醋瓮中的蠛蠓（一种小虫），瓮有盖子盖着，不见天日；一旦揭去盖子（发覆），它就见到天了。词人登上泰山，也有这种感受。
醉眼千峰顶上，世间多少秋毫——秋毫：鸟兽之毛至秋更生，细而末锐，谓之秋毫。比喻事物之微细。作者为眼前的奇妙景象所陶醉，站在干峰顶上，在大自然奇景中，领悟到了人世万物如秋毫之末，都微不足道，顿时忘却了各种烦恼与哀愁。“醉”字用得极其生动传神，不仅是酒醉，泰山的壮景更使词人陶醉。而醉眼迷蒙的词人形象，也正与壮景相融。
全词短短八句，四处化用《庄子》中的语句，却不向老庄思想中讨生活，中间也并非枯燥说理，而是以形象语抒发情怀，风格清脚沉郁，显得自然而精炼。
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冯子振《
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鹦鹉曲·野渡新晴》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
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元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
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南北朝：
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王寂
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张侯诗敏落黄閒，杨丈规摹逼老关。二妙通灵恐仙去，夜窗风雨要防闲。