优钵罗花歌
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唐代]：岑参
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参尝读佛经，闻有优钵罗花，目所未见。天宝景申岁，参忝大理评事，摄监察御史，恋伊西北庭度支副使。自公多暇，乃刀府庭内，栽树种药，为山凿池。婆娑乎其间，足以寄傲。交河小吏有献此花者，云得之于天山之南。其状异于众草，势巃嵸如冠弁。嶷然上耸，生不傍引，攒花中折，骈叶外包，异香腾风，秀色媚景。因赏而叹曰，尔不生于中土，僻在遐裔，使牡丹价重，芙蓉誉高，惜哉！夫天地无私，阴阳无偏，各遂其生，自物厥性，岂以偏地而不生乎，岂以无人而不芳乎？适此花不遭小吏，终委诸山谷，亦何异怀才之士，未会明主，摈于林薮邪！因感而为歌，歌曰：
白山南，赤山北。
其间有花人不识，绿茎碧叶好颜色。
叶六瓣，花九房。
夜掩朝开多异香，何不生彼中国兮生西方。
移根在庭，媚我公堂。
耻与众草之为伍，何亭亭而独芳。
何不为人之所赏兮，深山穷谷委严霜。
吾窃悲阳关道路长，曾不得献于君王。
优钵罗花歌译文及注释
译文
在天山的南面，火山的北面，
那里有一种花，人们都不曾见识，它长着绿色的茎，碧绿的枝叶十分美丽。
它有六片叶子，花开时成九瓣；
夜里花瓣合拢，早晨开放，多有奇异的香味。
如今它被移植在庭堂之下，令我的府邸大增光彩。
想必你一定是不耻于同媚俗的花草们为伍，才如此孤独高傲地自个开放于僻静之处！
为何得不到人们的赏识呢？在深邃的山坳谷地里饱受寒霜的摧残而凋折。
我暗自悲伤阳关一带道路漫长，我无法将你进献给君王。
注释
优钵（bō）罗：梵语音译，也作“乌钵罗”，意译为青莲花、黛花、红莲花。汉语称雪莲。
忝（tiǎn）：谦词，辱居。摄：兼任。大理评事、监察御史：官职前者掌出外推求、审查案情。后者掌纠察内外官吏、监诸军等亭。此都非本参实职，乃是朝廷加给升任官员的朝宫职称的虚衔。
伊西：伊州、西州，隶北庭节度。
公：公门，官府。
婆娑：盘桓。
寄敖：寄托傲世之情。陶渊明《归去来兮辞》：“倚南窗以寄敖。”
交河：交河城，其地在天山南麓。
巃嵸（lóngzōng）：高耸貌。弁（biàn）：古代贵族的一种帽子。
嶷（yí）然：高貌。
骈（pián）：并列。
景：日光。
遐裔：边远地区。
阴阳：阴阳二气，古人认为是生成万物的因素之一。
厥（jué）：其，它的。
适：如果。遭：遇到。
摈（bìn）：抛弃，斥逐。林薮（sǒu）：山林草泽。
白山：即天山。
赤山：即火山，又名赤石山。
花九房：花有九片花瓣。
夜掩朝开；意即花瓣夜晚合拢，到早晨又开放了。
中国：中土，中原，相对于西方少数民族而言。
公堂：官府的厅堂。
委严霜：因受寒霜摧残而凋零。
窃：暗自。阳关：在今甘肃敦煌西南。
曾：乃。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集：中国华侨出版社，2010：202-203
2、廖仲安．边塞诗派选集：首都师范大学出版社，1994：123-125
3、陈新璋．唐宋咏物诗赏鉴：广东人民出版社，1986：41-44
优钵罗花歌创作背景
关于创作背景，诗人所撰序载之甚明。天宝十五载（756年），诗人岑参当时在北庭都护府任职，有个小吏献上此花，诗人惊讶于此花的高贵秀美，不禁感叹它虽委诸山谷，未能生长于内地，反使牡丹、芙蓉价重誉高，可惜之至。进而由花及人，拟之以怀才之士未预明主，有感而歌。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集：中国华侨出版社，2010：202-203
2、廖仲安．边塞诗派选集：首都师范大学出版社，1994：123-125
优钵罗花歌鉴赏
优钵罗花即岑参所认定的印度梵语中的雪莲花，按照作者在序言中的说法，优钵罗花这个名字他最早是从佛经里读到的。唐代的西域居民多把优钵罗花想象成神山圣域里罩有灵光圈的小佛像。
“白山南，赤山北，其间有花人不识，绿茎碧叶好颜色。”四句写在天山南部、火山北部，一种人未曾识的奇花异草生长于其间，其茎干、叶片皆晶莹玉润，浓绿如翡翠，亭亭匀秀，美丽婀娜。
“叶六瓣，花九房，夜掩朝开多异香，何不生彼中国兮生西方。”四句写此花碧叶六片，翦翦如齐，花瓣有及，色如凝脂，夜晚掩合如羞，清晨幽心静放，笑对骄阳，其香清幽淡雅，沁人心脾，叹此花为何生于寒荒西域，而不生于物华天宝、人杰地灵的中原大地，使有道之士、高洁君子但有知音之赏、惺惺相惜，而不能植于静室，相濡以沫。
“移根在庭，媚我公堂，耻与众草之为伍，何亭亭而独芳？何不为人之所赏兮，深山穷谷委严霜。”这几句写将此花移于官署，使其高情逸态、淡放幽香涤尽官署锈染浊蚀的纷纭伧俗气，增其恬淡，秀其玉色，也使诗人日日得以耳濡目染，声气相求。叹此花高洁秀逸，幽香独放，亭亭静植，不蔓不枝，有君子澹泊明净之心，有贞女沉静清淑之态。耻于与众草为伍，择地而居，深山幽谷，冰霜侵逼，抱寒寂对幽冷亦淡定自若，无怨无艾，不因无人而不芳，不为孤影而自怜。如握瑾怀瑜的君子啸傲林薮，抱道自持，也绝不同流合污，和光同尘。
“吾窃悲阳关道路长，曾不得献于君王”二句写诗人叹此花清雅高洁，如高尚其志的隐士，定是佐王的股肱大才，必当献于君王以其光明和德化布于天下，怎奈山长水阔，阳关路远，君王难致。
此诗长短不拘，随情感的波动而蜿蜒前进，显示了诗人高超的文学技巧和精湛的表现手法。全诗以花自喻，以花独居僻壤，喻自己穷居塞外；以花种类奇特，喻自己胸怀大略；以花的独自开放，喻自己的洁身自好、特立独行；以花的罕为人知，喻自己的怀才不遇；以花因路途遥远无法上闻帝王，喻自己远戍边塞，晋身无阶。古人以物喻人者为数不少，但像此诗这样切合得丝丝入扣，以至有花与诗人简直融为一体、难分彼此之感的则并不多见。这首诗堪称唐代以物咏志的边塞诗中物我融合较为完美的一首。
此诗为歌行体，形式灵活自如，多用散句，穿插变化，以韵调、用意来调节字句，流畅和谐，调如辘轳，而圆转自如。词不妩媚，而清秀淡朴、婉转有致，也颇合于诗的内容和格调。
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苏轼《
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占春芳·红杏了》
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吴文英《
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西江月·赋瑶圃青梅枝上晚花》
岑参简介
唐代·岑参的简介
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岑参（约715-770年），唐代边塞诗人，南阳人，太宗时功臣岑文本重孙，后徙居江陵。[1-2] 岑参早岁孤贫，从兄就读，遍览史籍。唐玄宗天宝三载（744年）进士，初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞，先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记；天宝末年，封常清为安西北庭节度使时，为其幕府判官。代宗时，曾官嘉州刺史（今四川乐山），世称“岑嘉州”。大历五年（770年）卒于成都。
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呼朋万里外，拍手层霄间。塞晚浮烟重，天空岁月闲。
断云迷古戍，落日照西山。幸有声歌在，更残且未还。
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戴胜词
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唐代：
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王建
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戴胜谁与尔为名，木中作窠墙上鸣。声声催我急种谷，
人家向田不归宿。紫冠采采褐羽斑，衔得蜻蜓飞过屋。
可怜白鹭满绿池，不如戴胜知天时。
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初七日丁丑长至前喜晴
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元代：
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方回
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楼南红气满霜天，新霁湖山晓色妍。
七日喜逢长至日，百年惭到古稀年。
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养儿行
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明代：
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李东阳
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朝廷养公公养儿，儿为心腹股肱谁？当时意气各相许，儿
不负公公负主。