贺新郎·湖上有所赠
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宋代]：吴文英
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湖上芙蓉早。向北山、山深雾冷，更看花好。流水茫茫城下梦，空指游仙路杳。笑萝障、云屏亲到。雪玉肌肤春温夜，饮湖光、山渌成花貌。临涧水，弄清照。
著愁不尽宫眉小。听一声、相思曲里，赋情多少。红日阑干鸳鸯枕，那枉裙腰褪了。算谁识、垂杨秋袅。不是秦楼无缘分，点吴霜、羞带簪花帽。但殢酒，任天晓。
贺新郎·湖上有所赠译文及注释
译文
西湖早早绽放的荷花让风景更佳。远望北高峰，云雾缭绕阴静寂，还是在湖中赏花更享受啊！这眼前一片茫茫湖水最后恐幻化成凄凉的城下之盟，求仙访道逃离尘世也只是空想。只要能为国效力就算前途艰辛也必亲到。环顾湖上，达官显贵们却是怀拥歌妓作彻夜之游。眼前打扮成花容月貌般的湖光山色，不知何时还它自然和平的本色。
眼前时局让人愁眉不展。湖上听歌女唱一支相思小曲，牵动无数情绪。回想过去，红日虽已高照在栏干上，与爱人还同卧在鸳鸯枕上，如胶如漆。如今有哪一个知道我的晚景如垂杨枝般的在秋风中作垂死挣扎。自己并不是与那些秦楼楚馆的歌妓们没有缘分，只是如今满头白发不能够再像从前那样地作簪花冶游之乐了。在这湖上借酒浇愁，任凭它东方泛白吧。
注释
芙蓉：莲花的别名。
山：一作“烟”。
雪玉：一作“玉雪”。
秋：一作“枝”。
秦楼：虎狼之秦在西北方，这里借喻蒙古。
殢：困极也。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年8月版，第2481页
贺新郎·湖上有所赠鉴赏
《贺新郎》，又名《金缕曲》、《乳燕飞》、《貂裘换酒》。传此词作以《东坡乐府》为最早，惟句豆平仄，与诸家多不合，因以《稼轩长短句》为准。双调，一百十六字，前后片各十句六仄韵。大抵用入声部韵者较激壮，用上、去声部韵者较凄郁，贵能各适宜。
此词系梦窗晚年游览西湖有所感触的赠友之作。词人已有河山虽美，但北方外族继入侵中原后，又将挥师南渡的预感。所以其词明咏山水之美，暗中都是有所寄托的。
“湖上”三句，言西湖中荷花开得早，给湖区平添佳景。远望北高峰，却是云雾缭绕，黑沉沉的一派阴冷感，所以在湖中赏花实是一种非常适意的享受。此三句暗示南宋偏安之局赢得一时繁荣，而北方沦陷区人民却生活在水深火热之中，两相比较，使人更觉得需要珍惜这和平的环境，不能再遭受破坏。“流水”两句，词人根据时局分析，认为南宋朝薄弱的兵力根本无法抵御强悍的蒙古骑兵的入侵，所以终将使这眼前一片茫茫湖水幻化成凄凉的城下之盟。自己就是要想置身度外，去求仙访道寻找解脱途径，也是一种不切实际的空想。词人虽透露出有心报国，无意求仙的信念，但终因年老力衰，心有余而力不足了。“笑萝障”一句，词人再次强调，如果有可能报国效劳，他将不管前途多么艰辛，障碍有多大，还是想亲身前去出一份微力的。“雪玉”四句，然而他环顾湖上，达官贵人们却是怀拥歌妓通宵达旦的作彻夜之游，这种醉生梦死的生活，正是“西湖歌舞几时休”，“暖风吹得游人醉”的真实写照。眼前打扮成花容月貌般的湖光山色，不知何时还它自然和平的本色。上片以比兴手法，感叹时局危急，警告世人不能再醉生梦死地生活了。
“著愁”三句，一“愁”字领起下片，转入哀伤老景凄凉，与年青时适成对照。此言眼前时局，虽使他双眉紧皱，愁思不尽，但他很快就自我排解，认为今朝有乐直须享，在湖上听歌女唱一支相思小曲，引起了词人诗兴大发。“红日”两句，忆当年。回忆过去，红日已是高照在栏干上，而他与爱人还同卧在鸳鸯枕上，两情恩爱，如胶如漆，也不枉为“情”字而使自己消瘦。“算谁识”一句过渡，叹自身，伤时势。此言：如今有哪一个知道我的晚景如垂杨枝般的在秋风中作垂死挣扎。这句又暗示湖上那些官僚、贵族只不过是在作亡国前的强颜欢笑，却无人自知。“不是”两句，言自己并不是与那些秦楼楚馆的歌妓们没有缘分，只是如今满头白发不能够再像从前那样地作簪花冶游之乐了。这儿又暗示词人不愿事敌的决心。“秦楼”，虎狼之秦在西北方，这里借喻蒙古。言自己虽是年老，却愿保持晚节，不愿意在今后奴颜事敌。“但殢酒”两句，实叙湖上之游。言且在这湖上借酒浇愁，任凭它东方泛白吧。结句心情转为颓伤，有“今朝有酒今朝醉”之意，一“愁”字缠身，毕竟难脱。“殢”，困极也。下片哀伤老景，又示不愿事敌的决心。
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马致远《
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水仙子·春风骄马五陵儿》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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