瑞鹧鸪·城头月落尚啼乌
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宋代]：苏轼
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寒食未明至湖上。太守未来，两县令先在。
城头月落尚啼乌。朱舰红船早满湖。鼓吹未容迎五马，水云先已漾双凫。
映山黄帽螭头舫，夹岸青烟鹊尾炉。老病逢春只思睡，独求僧榻寄须臾。
瑞鹧鸪·城头月落尚啼乌译文及注释
译文
寒食节到西湖时天还没亮，太守还没有来，两县令先来了。
天色未明，乌鸦尚在啼鸣，官船早已满湖都是。礼仪乐队尚未列好队伍迎接太守，远处水面就迅速驶来了两县令的船只。
青山倒映在湖中，用篙撑船的年轻人驾驶着龙船，岸上青烟缭绕，那是从有柄的香炉里升腾起来的。难得遇见如此晴朗的春日，而年老多病的我只想真正地睡一觉。但愿能有一个僧榻，让我好好地睡一会。
注释
瑞鹧鸪：词牌名。原本七言律诗，由唐人谱曲而成词调。又名《舞春风》、《鹧鸪词》等。有上下片首句平起或仄起两种格式。
寒食：节令名。清明节前一日或二日，古代寒食节时禁火，吃冷食。
太守：宋代对知府、知州的别称。此处指当时杭州知州陈襄。
两县令：指钱塘令周邠（bīn）和仁和令徐畴。
朱舰红船：指各级文武官员的船只。宋代官船涂以朱红色。“朱舰”一本做“乌榜”。
鼓吹：汉以来古乐名。这里泛指当时演奏的乐曲。
五马：太守的代称。
水云：远处水面。滚：泛舟。双凫（fú）：此处指二县令。
黄帽：指用篙（gāo）撑船的年轻人。见《汉书》卷九十三《佞幸传》。
螭（chī）头舫：泛指龙船。螭，古代传说中一种动物，蛟龙之属。
须臾：片刻。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：124-126
2、苏轼著，韩格平选注．苏轼词选注．长春：吉林文史出版社，2000年10月：5
瑞鹧鸪·城头月落尚啼乌创作背景
宋神宗熙宁六年（1073年）三月，寒食节清晨苏轼同众官游西湖，迎接太守到来，苏轼作该词记录当时的情景。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：124-126
2、苏轼著，韩格平选注．苏轼词选注．长春：吉林文史出版社，2000年10月：5
瑞鹧鸪·城头月落尚啼乌鉴赏
该词是一首纪游即景之作。词前有小序，序中交代了时间、地点及有关人物。上片写天色未明时的景物，并暗示“太守未来，两县令先在”。开头“城头月落尚啼乌”一句，借用唐诗“月落乌啼霜满天”的意象（也是实写），写出了黎明前的特征性景物。暗点题目中“未明”二字，而且景中有事，由自己从杭州城内出发写起，也暗示了西湖的方位（“月落”在西方），下句写到西湖便不觉突兀。接着写来到西湖边一眼瞥见的景物：“朱舰红船早满湖。”意思是大大小小的游船早已满湖都是。正是“莫道君行早，更有早行人。”可见西湖上游人游兴之浓，也为下文写“两县令先在”伏下一笔。“尚”、“早”二字前后呼应，体现了两句所描述的景物在时间上的联系。三、四句就同游伴侣着笔，意思是说还未安排用乐曲来迎接太守，而水天一色的湖面先已荡漾起两位县令的游船。两句一虚一实，暗点题目“太守未来，两县令先在”。“双凫”既是用典，也是比喻，用来指游兴极高的两位县令，显然也带有调侃的意味。
下片承上二、四句，再写湖上、岸边景物，并略表厌倦之意。“映山黄帽螭头舫，夹岸青烟鹊尾炉。”两句展现了西湖湖上、岸边有特色的画面。这既是西湖景，又是风俗画，给人以清新感。篇末二句回笔写苏轼自己，与起笔相照应，表达了某种厌倦的情绪和澄淡的情怀。
全词展示了寒食节清晨众官迎接太守到来的一段场景特写。其中，苏轼的傲散与两县令的恭谨形成强烈的反差，表现出苏轼厌倦官场应酬，蔑视俗吏的内心情怀。
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辛弃疾《
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侍从游宿温泉宫作》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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清代：
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