塞鸿秋·功名万里忙如燕
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元代]：薛昂夫
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功名万里忙如燕，斯文一脉微如线。光阴寸隙流如电，风霜两鬓白如练。尽道便休官，林下何曾见？至今寂寞彭泽县。
塞鸿秋·功名万里忙如燕译文及注释
译文
为了功名，像燕子一样千里奔忙。那一脉文雅脱俗的传统，已微弱如同丝线。时间像白驹过隙，又如闪电奔驰。饱经风霜的两鬓忽然间已经像素练一样雪白。都说马上就不再做官了，可在山林里哪里曾经见到过？直到现在，彭泽县令陶渊明那样的归隐者，也还是寂寞无朋的。
注释
正宫：宫调名。塞鸿秋：曲牌名。全曲七句，押六个仄声韵。
练：洁白的丝绢。
寂寞：此处指孤独、孤单。
塞鸿秋·功名万里忙如燕创作背景
此曲为愤世讥世之作。隐逸是元代盛行的风气，也是元曲中最常见的主题。但恰恰有些卑鄙猥琐的小人，装扮出一副清高脱俗的样子，作者正是借此曲讽刺这种口是心非、表面斯文的假象。
参考资料：
1、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：766-767
2、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：209
塞鸿秋·功名万里忙如燕鉴赏
此曲开头以四个比喻，生动地勾画出官迷、政客们的可鄙形象。“功名万里”，用东汉班超封侯万里事。此处借指求仕追官，争名夺利。“万里”巧谐万里忙碌之意。“忙如燕”，此处象喻醉心功名者碌碌之状。次句承上而直发感慨。“斯文”指礼让文雅，品格高尚。“微如线”，指斯文已荡然殆尽，为官作宦者只顾一己私利，彼此竞逐，有多少人还会想到国家百姓，有多少人还会想到互相礼让呢？那么，此时元王朝礼崩乐坏，官场腐败，尔虞我诈，自不言而尽在句中了。下两句进一步说明官场竞逐之人，乐此不疲，终一生而不歇。人生易老，时光如电，就在这忙碌如燕的南北奔走中，已是青春消尽，两鬓如霜了。“尽道”二句：当官作宦者，越是恋栈者，越是把归隐尽日挂在口边，真正的“隐士”又有几个？倘若真正地做了隐士，世上人也就不知其名，不知其事，嚷得大家都知道，可见这“隐”，十有八九是假话。“尽道”二字，冷峻已极，说尽了世道人心，带有强烈的嘲讽之意。结句为全曲点睛之说，一语揭出曲之命意所在。渊明挂冠归隐，是历史上心口如一真能归隐田园的少数高士之一。他躬耕田亩，乐于山林，但却从未自夸隐士，后人尽管对他赞不绝口，但也未见几个能真正追随其后。其间原因虽然各各不一，但千古一人，渊明也难免寂寞了。“寂寞”二字，与开篇“忙如燕”遥相呼应，两者对比，活画出官场竞逐，如蝇嗜血者的真面目。
这首小令前四句全对，这在散曲中称为“联珠对”或“合璧对”。其中首句为全篇的领起，抒发对仕途功名的慨叹。“万里”极言追求功名的劳碌，“忙如燕”则栩栩如生地刻画出热衷功名者汲汲奔竞的形象。燕子飞来忙去，所得甚微，句中因而也包括这班人劳而无功的隐意。接着三句，“如线”、“如电”、“如练”的比喻都十分形象和新警。线极细，电极速，练极白，说明文章的传统岌岌可危，人生的岁月转瞬即逝，老境的到来触目惊心。这是对“功名万里”一句的诠释，也是对执迷不悟的热衷者的当头棒喝。当然也有一部分功名场中人侥幸得官，他们同样面临着天丧斯文、光阴电逝、老境侵逼的窘境。于是他们装成清高的雅士，假惺惺地表示要退归林下。作者借用了唐代诗僧灵彻“相逢尽道休官好，林下何曾见一人”的诗意，又添了一句“至今寂寞彭泽县”，意思是说陶渊明假如活到今天，也会寂寞地感到同道太少了。“寂寞彭泽县”同起句“功名万里忙如燕”，遥遥形成鲜明的对比。这就辛辣地抨击了世风，无情地剥下了官迷们的假面具。
这首小令全篇豪辣冷隽，语若贯珠，在愤世与讽世的同时，也流露出一种悯世的沉重心绪。周德清《塞鸿秋·浔阳即事》（“淮山数点青如靛”），在“联珠对”上有模仿此曲的明显痕迹，可见此作在当时颇有影响。
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薛昂夫简介
唐代·薛昂夫的简介
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薛昂夫(1267—1359) 元代散曲家。回鹘（即今维吾尔族）人。原名薛超吾，以第一字为姓。先世内迁，居怀孟路（治所在今河南沁阳）。祖、父皆封覃国公。汉姓为马，又字九皋，故亦称马昂夫、马九皋。据赵孟頫《薛昂夫诗集序》（《松雪斋文集》），他曾执弟子礼于刘辰翁(1234～1297)门下，约可推知他生年约在元初至元年间。历官江西省令史，佥典瑞院事、太平路总管、衢州路总管等职。薛昂夫善篆书，有诗名，诗集已佚。诗作存于《皇元风雅后集》、《元诗选》等集中。
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