叔于田
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两汉]：佚名
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叔于田，巷无居人。岂无居人？不如叔也。洵美且仁。
叔于狩，巷无饮酒。岂无饮酒？不如叔也。洵美且好。
叔适野，巷无服马。岂无服马？不如叔也。洵美且武。
叔于田译文及注释
译文
叔去打猎出了门，巷里就像没住人。难道真的没住人？没人能与叔相比，那么英俊又慈仁。
我叔出门去打猎，巷里无人在饮酒。真的没人在饮酒？什么人都不如叔，那么英俊又清秀。
我叔骑马去野外，巷里没人会骑马。真的没人会骑马？没人能够比过他，确实英俊力有大。
注释
叔：古代兄弟次序为伯、仲、叔、季，年岁较小者统称为叔，此处指年轻的猎人。于：去，往。田：同“畋（tián）”，打猎。
巷：居里中的小路。
洵（xún）：真正的，的确。仁：指温厚，慈爱。
狩：冬猎为“狩”，此处为田猎的统称。
饮酒：这里指燕饮。
好：指品质好，性格和善。
适：往。野：郊外。
服马：骑马之人。一说用马驾车。
武：英武。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：153-155
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．．北京：中华书局，2015：156-157
叔于田创作背景
此诗的主旨背景，古今因对“叔”一词特指与否的不同理解，而明显地分为两派。一派认为“叔”是特指郑庄公之弟太叔段（共叔段）。另一派认为“叔”非特指。今人多认为是赞美一位青年猎人的诗。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：153-155
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．．北京：中华书局，2015：156-157
叔于田鉴赏
在《诗经》三百篇中，《郑风·叔于田》并不是很引人注目的篇章，但若论其艺术成就，此诗当可与那些最优秀之作相颉颃。诗分三章，纯用赋法，但流畅谐美中有起伏转折，人物形象呼之欲出，则与假比兴曲笔描写者异曲同工，难分轩轾。它的成功之处，除了运用《诗经》中常见的章段复沓的布局外，还在于运用设问自答、对比、夸张的艺术手法。
章段复沓，是《诗经》中最重要的结构特点。《郑风·叔于田》三章句式结构全同，与其他采用复沓结构的《诗经》篇章一样，有一种回环往复的音响效果，同时也因为复沓而起到了一种加深印象的效果。而这种复沓是有变化的复沓，各章各句替换几个字，既保持韵律感，又深化了主题。实际上，拿现代音乐术语来解说，此诗正是一首分节歌，而“不如叔也”一句则是唯一的一句副歌歌词。
章句复沓，自然算不上是《郑风·叔于田》一诗的专利，但设问自答、对比夸张则是其独具个性的特色。各章第二句“巷无居人”“巷无饮酒”“巷无服马”，第三句“岂无居人”“岂无饮酒”“岂无服马”，第四句“不如叔也”，第五句“洵美且仁”“洵美且好”“洵美且武”，相互间有这样的逻辑关系：第二句否定，第三句反诘，第四句作答，第五句述因，通过自问自答，将“洵美……”“不如……”“巷无……”（真的既英俊又……，人们都不如他，因此巷里没有人……）这样的正常顺序作一转换，顿觉奇峰突起，余味曲包。吴闿生《诗义会通》说：“案，故撰奇句而自解释之，文章家之逸致也。”对此妙笔青眼有加。这一设问自答的手法，实际上源出周人对商人占卜贞问的甲骨刻辞的着意摹仿。在甲骨卜辞中，因求问神灵需将正反两种结果都记刻于龟甲上，请决于神判，便产生了此类句法的滥觞。此诗中，一正一反，直陈与疑问并举，主要就在于以“突奇峭快”（陈震语）的笔墨引出下文“不如叔也”，这一结论。而“巷无居人”、“巷无饮酒”、“巷无服马”的夸张描写，则将众人“不如叔也”的平庸与“叔”“洵美且仁”（“且好”、“且武”）的超卓两者间的反差强调到极致。而通过居里、喝酒、骑马这样的生活细节来表现“叔”的美好形象，也很有人情味，有较强的煽情作用。诗的末句在“不如叔也”一句已将主要内容交代完毕之后逸出一笔，不仅使主题更为充实，也使对“叔”的夸张描写显得有据可信。
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佚名《
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菁菁者莪》
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佚名《
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庭燎》
佚名简介
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