小雅·鹿鸣
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两汉]：佚名
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呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。吹笙鼓簧，承筐是将。人之好我，示我周行。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿。我有嘉宾，德音孔昭。视民不恌，君子是则是效。我有旨酒，嘉宾式燕以敖。
呦呦鹿鸣，食野之芩。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟鼓琴。鼓瑟鼓琴，和乐且湛。我有旨酒，以燕乐嘉宾之心。
小雅·鹿鸣译文及注释
译文
一群鹿儿呦呦叫，在那原野吃艾蒿。我有一批好宾客,弹琴吹笙奏乐调。一吹笙管振簧片，捧筐献礼礼周到。人们待我真友善，指示大道乐遵照。
一群鹿儿呦呦叫，在那原野吃蒿草。我有一批好宾客，品德高尚又显耀。示人榜样不轻浮，君子贤人纷纷来仿效。我有美酒香而醇，宴请嘉宾嬉娱任逍遥。
一群鹿儿呦呦叫，在那原野吃芩草。我有一批好宾客，弹瑟弹琴奏乐调。弹瑟弹琴奏乐调，快活尽兴同欢笑。我有美酒香而醇，宴请嘉宾心中乐陶陶。
注释
呦（yōu）呦：鹿的叫声。朱熹《诗集传》：“呦呦，声之和也。”
苹：藾蒿。陆玑《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》：“藾蒿，叶青色，茎似箸而轻脆，始生香，可生食。”
簧：笙上的簧片。笙是用几根有簧片的竹管、一根吹气管装在斗子上做成的。
承筐：指奉上礼品。毛传：“筐，篚属，所以行币帛也。”将：送，献。
周行（háng）：大道，引申为大道理。
蒿：又叫青蒿、香蒿，菊科植物。
德音：美好的品德声誉。孔：很。
视：同“示”。恌：同“佻”。
则：法则，楷模，此作动词。
旨：甘美。
式：语助词。燕：同“宴”。敖：同“遨”，嬉游。
芩（qín）：草名，蒿类植物。
湛（dān）：深厚。《毛传》：“湛，乐之久。”
参考资料：
1、徐培均 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：316-318
小雅·鹿鸣创作背景
针对历史上不同的看法，邓庆红从主题和成诗时间进行考证，认为《小雅·鹿鸣》的成诗时间当在西周中后期的宣王时代，故而应为强调“等级观念及宗族团结”的美诗。此诗是对君王“燕群臣嘉宾”之和乐盛况的描绘。
小雅·鹿鸣鉴赏
《小雅·鹿鸣》是《诗经》的“四始”诗之一，是古人在宴会上所唱的歌。据朱熹《诗集传》的说法，此诗原是君王宴请群臣时所唱，后来逐渐推广到民间，在乡人的宴会上也可唱。朱熹这一推测该是符合事实的，直到东汉末年曹操作《短歌行》，还引用了此诗首章前四句，表示了渴求贤才的愿望，说明千余年后此诗还有一定的影响。
诗共三章，每章八句，开头皆以鹿鸣起兴。在空旷的原野上，一群糜鹿悠闲地吃着野草，不时发出呦呦的鸣声，此起彼应，十分和谐悦耳。诗以此起兴，便营造了一个热烈而又和谐的氛围，如果是君臣之间的宴会，那种本已存在的拘谨和紧张的关系，马上就会宽松下来。故《诗集传》云：“盖君臣之分，以严为主；朝廷之礼，以敬为主。然一于严敬，则情或不通，而无以尽其忠告之益，故先王因其饮食聚会，而制为燕飨之礼，以通上下之情；而其乐歌，又以鹿鸣起兴。”也就是说君臣之间限于一定的礼数，等级森严，形成思想上的隔阂。通过宴会，可以沟通感情，使君王能够听到群臣的心里话。而以鹿鸣起兴，则一开始便奠定了和谐愉悦的基调，给与会嘉宾以强烈的感染。
此诗自始至终洋溢着欢快的气氛，它把读者从“呦呦鹿鸣”的意境带进“鼓瑟吹笙”的音乐伴奏声中。《诗集传》云：“瑟笙，燕礼所用之乐也。”按照当时的礼仪，整个宴会上必须奏乐。《礼记·乡饮酒义》云：“工入升歌三终，主人献之。笙入三终，主人献之。间歌三终，合乐三终，工告乐备，遂出。……知其能和乐而不流也。”据陈澔注，乐工升堂，“歌《鹿鸣》、《四牡》、《皇皇者华》，每一篇而一终。三篇终，则主人酌以献工焉。”由此可知，整个宴会上是歌唱以上三首诗，而歌唱《鹿鸣》时又以笙乐相配，故诗云“鼓瑟吹笙”。乐谱虽早已失传，但从诗的语言看，此诗三章全是欢快的节奏，和悦的旋律，同曹操《短歌行》相比，曹诗开头有“人生苦短”之叹，后段有“忧从中来，不可断绝”之悲，唯有中间所引“鹿鸣”四句显得欢乐舒畅，可见《诗经》的作者对人生的领悟还没有曹操那么深刻。也许因为这是一首宴飨之乐，不容许杂以一点哀音吧。
诗之首章写热烈欢快的音乐声中有人“承筐是将”，献上竹筐所盛的礼物。献礼的人，在乡间宴会上是主人自己，说见上文所引《礼记》；在朝廷宴会上则为宰夫，《礼记·燕义》云：“设宾主饮酒之礼也，使宰夫为献。”足可为证。酒宴上献礼馈赠的古风，即使到了今天，在大宾馆的宴会上仍可见到。然后主人又向嘉宾致辞：“人之好我，示我周行。”也就是“承蒙诸位光临，示我以大道”一类的客气话。主人若是君王的话，那这两句的意思则是表示愿意听取群臣的忠告。诗之二章，则由主人（主要是君王）进一步表示祝辞，其大意则如《诗集传》所云：“言嘉宾之德音甚明，足以示民使不偷薄，而君子所当则效。”祝酒之际要说出这样的话的原因，分明是君主要求臣下做一个清正廉明的好官，以矫正偷薄的民风。如此看来，这样的宴会不徒为乐而已，它也带有一定的政治色彩。三章大部与首章重复，唯最后几句将欢乐气氛推向高潮。末句“燕乐嘉宾之心”，则是卒章见志，将诗之主题深化。也就是说这次宴会，“非止养其体、娱其外而已”，它不是一般的吃吃喝喝，满足口腹的需要，而是为了“安乐其心”，使得参与宴会的群臣心悦诚服，自觉地为君王的统治服务。
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萧劳
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话到劫灰宁忍闻，交游瞥眼死生分。峰从别后重招我，花再开时不见君。
空对低云堕双泪，更无宿草认孤坟。魂留应傍佳山水，酹酒哦诗向夕曛。