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《甫田》原文及意思全解_佚名作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
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甫田

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两汉
]:佚名


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无田甫田,维莠骄骄。无思远人,劳心忉忉。

无田甫田,维莠桀桀。无思远人,劳心怛怛。

婉兮娈兮。总角丱兮。未几见兮,突而弁兮!

甫田译文及注释

译文

大田宽广不可耕,野草高高长势旺。切莫挂念远方人,惆怅不安心惶惶。

大田宽广不可耕,野草深深长势强。切莫挂念远方人,惆怅不安心怏怏。

漂亮孩子逗人怜,扎着小小羊角辫。才只几天没见面,忽戴冠帽已成年。

注释

无田(diàn 佃)甫田:不要耕种大田。田(diàn 佃),治理。甫田(tián),大田。

莠(yǒu 有):杂草;狗尾草。骄骄:犹“乔乔”,高大貌。

忉忉(dāo 刀):心有所失的样子,一说忧劳貌。

桀桀:借作“揭揭”,高大貌。

怛怛(dá 达):悲伤。

婉、娈:毛传:“婉娈,少好貌。”

总角:古代男孩将头发梳成两个髻。丱(ɡuàn 贯):形容总角翘起之状。

弁(biàn 辨):成人的帽子。古代男子二十而冠。

甫田鉴赏

  对这首诗主旨的看法分岐很大,比较流行的旧说有:刺齐襄公(《毛序》:“大夫刺襄公也,无礼义而求大功,不修德而求诸侯,志大心劳,所以求者非其道也。”)、刺齐景公(丰坊《诗说》:“齐景公急于图霸,大夫讽之。”)、刺鲁庄公(何楷《诗经世本古义》:“庄公生而蒙非种之讥,及已即位,而有不能防闲其母之诮,且与其母更道入于齐国,……诗人代为之愧……”)、刺奇童无成(牟庭《诗切》:“诗人有所识童子美质者,已而离远不相见,常思念之,……及长而复见之,则庸人矣,故悔思之也。”)、戒厌小务大(朱熹《诗集传》:“田甫田而力不给,则草盛矣;思远人而人不至,则心劳矣。以戒时人厌小而务大;忽近而图远,将徒劳而无功也。”)、戒学者及时进修(刘沅《诗经恒解》:“盖当时有少年,志大躐等求功,不知循序渐进者,故诗人戒之。”),今人新说则有:初耕种时的祷神歌、劝慰离人不须徒劳多思的诗、妇人思念征夫之词、少女恋慕少男的诗,等等。各家之说都有其理由,不过比较各家之说,相对而言,写妻子对远方丈夫的思念之说,较为符合诗篇的文本意义。

  这首诗头两章是写实,采用重叠形式,只换了四个字,表达的意思完全相同:首两句直赋其事,意在引出下两句。因丈夫去了远方,家中没有劳力,耕作粗放,本来长着绿油油庄稼的大田,如今全长着深深的野草,见不着一棵小苗,诗人面对如此荒芜的大田,忧心忡忡,感慨万千,不觉脱口说出“无田甫田,维莠骄骄(桀桀)”。目有所见,心有所感,自伤自怜,自怨自艾,引出一腔怨气,不禁讲出了气话:“无思远人,劳心忉忉(怛怛)!”实际这不过是思极的反语、伤心语,说“无思”,恰是刻骨相思。正因为她无法摆脱相思的痛苦,第三章出现了幻觉,由实转虚,诗人似乎觉得丈夫突然归来,想像他见到离家时还是扎着丫角的小儿子,忽然间已经长大成人了,他惊喜不已:“婉兮娈兮,总角丱兮。未几见兮,突而弁兮。”这一自我构造的虚幻境界,既是对丈夫早日平安归来的渴望,又是对孩子快快长大的期盼。此诗的含蓄美尽在这一虚境之中。清陈震《读诗识小录》评末章前两句云:“换笔顿挫,与上二章形不接而神接”,评后两句云:“奇文妙义,与上四‘无’字神回气合。”

  此诗第一、第二章是隔句交错押韵,即田、人属上古真部韵,骄、忉属上古宵部韵,桀、怛属上古月部韵。第三章四句连韵,属上古元部韵,并皆有“兮”字收尾。译文尽量保留原诗韵式及叠词的运用。


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佚名《
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采菽》


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佚名《
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甘棠》

佚名简介

唐代·佚名的简介


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...〔 ► 佚名的诗(421篇)

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