何草不黄
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两汉]：佚名
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何草不黄？何日不行？何人不将？经营四方。
何草不玄？何人不矜？哀我征夫，独为匪民。
匪兕匪虎，率彼旷野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。
有芃者狐，率彼幽草。有栈之车，行彼周道。
何草不黄译文及注释
译文
什么草儿不枯黄，什么日子不奔忙。什么人哪不从征，往来经营走四方。
什么草儿不黑腐，什么人哪似鳏夫。可悲我等出征者，不被当人如尘土。
既非野牛又非虎，穿行旷野不停步。可悲我等出征者，白天黑夜都忙碌。
野地狐狸毛蓬松，往来出没深草丛。役车高高载征人，驰行在那大路中。
注释
行：出行。此指行军，出征。
将：出征。
玄：发黑腐烂。
矜（guān）：通“鳏”，无妻者。征夫离家，等于无妻。
兕（sì）：野牛。
率：沿着。
芃（péng）：兽毛蓬松。
栈：役车高高的样子。
周道：大道。
何草不黄鉴赏
全诗以一征人口吻凄凄惨惨道来，别有一份无奈中的苦楚。一、二两章以“何草不黄”、“何草不玄”比兴征人无日不在行役之中，似乎“经营四方”已是征夫的宿定命运。既然草木注定要黄、要玄，那么征人也就注定要走下去。统帅者丝毫没有想到：草黄草玄乃物之必然本性，而人却不是为行役而生于世，人非草木，当不能以草木视之。而一句“何人不将”，又把这一人为的宿命扩展到整个社会。可见，此诗所写绝不是“念吾一身，飘然旷野”的个人悲剧，而是“碛里征人三十万”（唐李益《从军北征》）的社会悲剧。这是一轮旷日持久而又殃及全民的大兵役，家与国在征人眼里只是连天的衰草与无息的奔波。
因此，三、四两章作者发出了久压心底的怨怼：我们不是野牛、老虎，更不是那越林穿莽的狐狸，为何却与这些野兽一样长年在旷野、幽草中度日？难道我们生来就与野兽同命？别忘了，我们也是人！
不过，怨终归是怨，命如草芥，生同禽兽的征夫们并没有改变自己命运的能力，他们注定要在征途中结束自己的一生。他们之所以过着非人的行役生活是因为在统治者眼中他们根本就不是人，而是一群战争的工具而已。所以，怨的结局仍然是“有栈之车，行彼周道”。
这种毫无希望、无从改变的痛苦泣诉，深得风诗之旨，最大限度地展示了征人的悲苦，故清方玉润慨道：“盖怨之至也！周衰至此，其亡岂能久待？编诗者以此奠《小雅》之终，亦《易》卦纯阴之象。”（《诗经原始》）一首如泣如诉的征人小诗，后人看到的却是周室的灭亡，这也许是“用兵不息”者万万没有想到的。
此诗的后两章很善于借景寄情，方玉润云：“纯是一种阴幽荒凉景象，写来可畏。所谓亡国之音哀以思，诗境至此，穷仄极矣。”（同上）诚哉斯言。
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佚名《
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蓼莪》
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佚名《
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葛生》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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