周颂·丰年
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两汉]：佚名
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丰年多黍多稌，亦有高廪，万亿及秭。为酒为醴，烝畀祖妣。以洽百礼，降福孔皆。
周颂·丰年译文及注释
译文
丰收年景谷物多，高大粮仓一座座。储存亿万新稻粮，酿成美酒甜又香，献给祖先来品尝。配合祭典很适当，普降福禄多吉祥。
注释
丰年：丰收之年。
黍（shǔ）：小米。稌（tú）：稻子。
高廪（lǐn）：高大的粮仓。
万亿及秭（zǐ）：周代以十千为万，十万为亿，十亿为秭。
醴（lǐ）：甜酒。此处是指用收获的稻黍酿造成清酒和甜酒。
烝（zhēng）：献。畀（bì）：给予。祖妣（bǐ）：指男女祖先。
洽（qià）：配合。百礼：指各种祭祀礼仪。
孔：很，甚。皆：普遍。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：759-760
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：668-669
周颂·丰年创作背景
《毛诗序》云：“《丰年》，秋冬报也。”报，据郑玄的笺释，就是尝（秋祭）和烝（冬祭）。丰收在秋天，秋后至冬天举行一系列的庆祝活动（“以洽百礼”），是很自然的。《周颂·丰年》应当是遇上好年成时举行庆祝祭祀的颂歌。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：759-760
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：668-669
周颂·丰年鉴赏
此诗的开头很有特色。它描写丰收，纯以静态：许许多多的粮食谷物（黍、稌），贮藏粮食的高大仓廪，再加上抽象的难以计算的数字（万、亿、秭）。这些静态汇成一片壮观的丰收景象，自然是为显示西周王朝国势的强盛，而透过静态，表现出后面亿万农夫长年辛劳的动态。寓动于静之中，写来笔墨十分经济，又给读者留下思想驰骋的广阔天地。不过，在周王室看来，来之不易的丰收既是人事，更是天意，所谓“谋事在人，成事在天”，丰收归根结底是上天的恩赐，所以诗的后半部分就是感谢上天。
因丰收而致谢，以丰收的果实祭祀最为恰当，故而诗中写道：“为酒为醴（用丰收的粮食制成），烝畀祖妣。”祭享“祖妣”，是通过先祖之灵实现天人之沟通。也由于丰收，祭品丰盛，能够“以洽百礼”，面面俱到。“降福孔皆”既是对神灵已赐恩泽的赞颂，也是对神灵进一步普遍赐福的祈求。身处难以驾驭大自然、难以主宰自己命运的时代，人们祈求神灵保佑的愿望尤其强烈，《周颂·丰年》既着眼于现在，更着眼于未来，与其说是周人善于深谋远虑，不如说是他们深感缺乏主宰自己命运能力的无奈。
“万亿及秭。为酒为醴，烝畀祖妣，以洽百礼”四句，在周颂的另一篇作品《周颂·载芟》中也一字不易地出现，其情况与颂诗中某些重复出现的套话有所不同。在《周颂·丰年》中，前两句是实写丰收与祭品（用丰收果实制成），后两句则是祭祀的实写；《周颂·载芟》中用此四句，却是对于丰年的祈求和向往。可见《周颂·载芟》是把《周颂·丰年》中所写的现实移植为理想，这恰恰可以反映当时丰年的难逢。
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