商颂·玄鸟
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两汉]：佚名
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天命玄鸟，降而生商，宅殷土芒芒。古帝命武汤，正域彼四方。
方命厥后，奄有九有。商之先后，受命不殆，在武丁孙子。武丁孙子，武王靡不胜。
龙旂十乘，大糦是承。邦畿千里，维民所止，肇域彼四海。
四海来假，来假祁祁。景员维河。殷受命咸宜，百禄是何。
商颂·玄鸟译文及注释
译文
天命玄鸟降人间，简狄生契商祖先，住在殷地广又宽。当时天帝命成汤，征伐天下安四边。
昭告部落各首领，九州土地商占遍。商朝先王后继前，承受天命不怠慢，裔孙武丁最称贤。武丁确是好裔孙，成汤遗业能承担。
龙旗大车有十乘，贡献粮食常载满。国土疆域上千里，百姓居处得平安。
开拓疆域达四海，四夷小国来朝拜，车水马龙各争先。景山外围黄河绕，殷受天命人称善，百样福禄都占全。
注释
玄鸟：黑色燕子。传说有娀氏之女简狄吞燕卵而怀孕生契，契建商。
商：指商的始祖契。
宅：居住。芒芒：同“茫茫”，广大的样子。
古：从前。帝：天帝，上帝。武汤：即成汤，汤号曰武。
正（zhēng）：同“征”。又，修正疆域。
方：遍，普。后：上古称君主，此指各部落的酋长首领（诸侯）。
奄：拥有。九有：九州。传说禹划天下为九州。《尔雅·释地》：“两河间曰冀州，河南曰豫州，河西曰雍州，汉南曰荆州，江南曰扬州，济南曰兖州，济东曰徐州，燕曰幽州，齐曰营州。”有，“域”的借字，疆域。
先后：指先君，先王。
命：天命。殆：通“怠”，懈怠。
武丁：即殷高宗，汤的后代。
武王：即武汤，成汤。胜：胜任。
旂（qí）：古时一种旗帜，上画龙形，竿头系铜铃。乘（shèng）：四马一车为乘。
糦（xī）：同“饎”，酒食。宾语前置，“大糦”作“承”的前置宾语。承，捧，进献。
邦畿（jī）：封畿，疆界。
止：停留，居住。
肇域四海：始拥有四海之疆域。四海，《尔雅》以“九夷、八狄、七戎、六蛮”为“四海”。或释“肇”为“兆”，兆域，即疆域。开辟疆域以至于四海。
来假（gé）：来朝。假，通“格”，到达。
祁祁：纷杂众多之貌。
景：景山，在今河南商丘，古称亳，为商之都城所在。景，广大。员，幅员。
咸宜：谓人们都认为适宜。
百禄：多福。何（hè）：通“荷”，承受，承担。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：816-819
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：722-724
商颂·玄鸟创作背景
这是殷商后代宋国祭祀其祖先武丁的乐歌。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：816-819
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：722-724
商颂·玄鸟鉴赏
这是殷商后代宋国祭祀其祖先武丁的乐歌。《毛诗序》云：“《玄鸟》，祀高宗也。”郑笺云：“祀当为祫。祫，合也。高宗，殷王武丁，中宗玄孙之孙也。有雊雉之异，又惧而修德，殷道复兴，故亦表显之，号为高宗云。崩而始合祭于契之庙，歌是诗焉。”郑玄的意思是《毛序》所说的“祀”是合祀，而他所讲到的“雊雉之异”，据《史记·殷本纪》记载，是这么一回事：“帝武丁祭成汤，明日有飞雉登鼎耳而呴(雊)。武丁惧。祖己曰：‘王勿忧，先修政事。’”据今人的研究，商是以鸟为图腾的民族，“雊雉之异”的传说与“天命玄鸟，降而生商”的神话不无相关。而“天命玄鸟，降而生商”则是关于商的起源的最珍贵的早期文献资料。传说中商的祖先契是其母有娀氏之女吞下燕卵之后生下的。《史记·殷本纪》：“殷契，母曰简狄，有娀氏之女。……三人行浴，见玄鸟堕其卵，简狄取吞之，因孕生契。”上古典籍中对此传说有相当多的记载。《楚辞·离骚》：“望瑶台之偃蹇兮，见有娀之佚女。……凤鸟既受诒兮，恐高辛之先我。”《楚辞·天问》：“简狄在台，喾何宜？玄鸟致诒，如何喜？”《吕氏春秋·音初》：“有娀氏有二佚女，为之成之台，饮食必以鼓。帝令燕往视之，鸣若嗌嗌。二女爱而争搏之，覆以玉筐。少选，发而视之，燕遗二卵北飞，遂不反。”此外如《太平御览》卷八二引《尚书中候》，《史记·三代世表》褚少孙补引《诗含神雾》等纬书也记录了这同一传说。更有意思的是：传世的晚商青铜器《玄鸟妇壶》上有“玄鸟妇”三字合书的铭文，其含义表明作此壶者系以玄鸟为图腾的妇人。玄鸟是商部族的崇拜图腾，“天命玄鸟”的传说正是原始商部族的起源神话。从文化人类学角度审视这一神话，可发现它作为一种原型，有其典型意义。有关鸟卵生子的传说长期流传于东北地区，如《论衡·吉验》：“北夷橐离国王侍婢有娠。王欲杀之。婢对曰：‘有气大如鸡子，从天而下，我故有娠。”’《清太祖武皇帝实录》：“长白山，……有神鹊衔一朱果置佛古伦衣上，……其果入腹，既感而成孕。”高丽李奎极《李相国文集》中亦有鸟卵生子的传说，与《魏书·高句丽传》所记之事略同。而据傅斯年考证，商部族正是发迹于东北渤海地区。
由此可见，所谓的“雊雉之异”是为了显示高宗武丁的中兴而造出的神话，它正基筑于商民族的玄鸟图腾信仰。商至盘庚而迁殷，发展兴旺，政局稳定。盘庚死后，传位二弟小辛，小辛不幸三年而亡，又传位三弟小乙，小乙即位十年而亡。其时殷道又衰，小乙之子武丁立，用傅说为相，伐鬼方、大彭、豕韦，修政立德，终使国家大治。诗云：“龙旂十乘，大糦是乘。”郑玄笺曰：“交龙为旗，高宗之孙子有武功，有王德于天下者，无所不胜服。乃有诸侯建龙旗者十乘，奉承黍稷而进之者，亦言得诸侯之欢心。十乘者，由二王后，八州之大国与？”中原部族建立联盟后，统以龙为标志，“龙以建旗”。商族在东北兴起后，南下黄河流域，进而控制诸夏。高宗武丁时，中原各部族以车载稻米进贡。诗云：“四海来假，来假祁祁”，则不但是中原诸夏部族，即使是氐、羌等四边民族也纷纷进贡朝见。武丁功业之隆，于此可见。
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佚名《
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商颂·烈祖》
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佚名《
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宋代：
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林亦之
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百级上层峦，呼镫同所欢。
瓷杯真有道，行李似无官。
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读史有感
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：
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朱帆
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依然天子共朝臣，青史何须辨伪真。不向深山驱虎豹，焉能高阁画骐麟。
屠鹰烹狗非徒汉，焚籍坑儒岂独秦。千古休提尧舜事，君王若个不愚民。