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《周颂·丝衣》原文及意思全解_佚名作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
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周颂·丝衣

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两汉
]:佚名


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丝衣其紑,载弁俅俅。自堂徂基,自羊徂牛,鼐鼎及鼒,兕觥其觩。旨酒思柔。不吴不敖,胡考之休。

周颂·丝衣译文及注释

译文

丝绸祭服白又净,戴冠样式第一流。从庙堂里到门内,祭牲用羊又用牛。大鼎小鼎食物满,兕角酒杯弯一头,美酒香醇味和柔。不喧哗也不傲慢,保佑大家都长寿。

注释

丝衣:神尸所穿的丝质白色的祭服。

紑(fóu):洁白鲜明貌。

载:借为“戴”。弁(biàn):古代贵族戴的鹿皮帽子。俅(qiú)俅:形容冠饰美丽的样子。一说恭顺貌。

堂:庙堂,或以为即明堂。徂(cú ):往,到。基:通“畿(jī)”,门内、门限。

鼐(nài):大鼎。鼒(zī):小鼎。

兕(sì)觥(gōng):犀牛角做的盛酒器。觩(qiú):形容兕觥弯曲的样子。

旨酒:美酒。思:语助词,无义。柔:指酒味柔和。

吴:大声说话,喧哗。敖:通“傲”,傲慢。

胡考:即寿考,长寿之意。休:美誉,一说指福禄。

参考资料:

1、王秀梅 译注.诗经(下):雅颂.北京:中华书局,2015:781-782

2、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:692-694

周颂·丝衣创作背景

  这是一首记述周贵族祭毕巡视饮宴安排情况的小诗。《毛诗序》谓此篇主旨是“绎”。“绎”即“绎祭”,语出《春秋·宣公八年》:“壬午,犹绎。”此诗未有“绎祭”字样,《毛诗序》应是推测;但从诗的内容看,这个推测还是有根据的,所以尽管有人责难,但一般还是为后人所接受。

参考资料:

1、王秀梅 译注.诗经(下):雅颂.北京:中华书局,2015:781-782

2、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:692-694

周颂·丝衣鉴赏

  此诗首二句言祭祀之穿戴。穿的是丝衣,戴的是爵弁。丝衣一般称作纯衣,《仪礼·士冠礼》:“爵弁,服纁裳、纯衣、缁带、韎韐。”郑玄注:“纯衣,丝衣也。”弁即爵弁,“其色赤而微黑”(《仪礼·士冠礼》郑玄注),与白色的丝衣配合,成为祭祀的专用服饰。《礼记·檀弓上》曰:“天子之哭诸侯也,爵弁绖缁衣。”《毛诗序》可能就是根据这两句诗而断定此篇与祭祀有关。“俅俅”毛传训为“恭顺貌”,而《说文解字》曰:“俅,冠饰貌。”《尔雅》亦曰:“俅俅,服也。”马瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》云:“上文紑为衣貌,则俅俅宜从《尔雅》、《说文》训为冠服貌矣。”马瑞辰的意思是首句的“紑”既为丝衣的修饰语,则二句的“俅俅”与之相应当为弁的修饰语,故训为冠饰貌,而不训恭顺貌。

  三、四句言祭祀之准备。“自堂徂基”点明祭祀场所。“基”通“畿”,指庙门内。这个地方又称作“祊”(崩)。《礼记·礼器》:“设祭于堂,为祊乎外。”郑玄注:“祊祭,明日之绎祭也。谓之祊者,于庙门之旁,因名焉。”王夫之《张子正蒙注·王禘》:“求之或于室,或于祊也。于室者,正祭;于祊,绎祭。”这是正祭与绎祭区别之所在。《毛诗序》或许就是据此推断此篇是“绎”。羊、牛是用作祭祀的牺牲。

  五、六句言祭祀之器具。鼎是古代的炊具,又是祭祀时盛熟牲的器具。此处无疑用作后者。鼐和鼒其实也是鼎,只是大小不同。鼐最大,用以盛牛,《说文解字》:“鼐,鼎之绝大者。”段玉裁注:“绝大谓函牛之鼎也。”鼎次之,用以盛羊,鼒最小,用以盛豕。陈奂《诗毛氏传疏》曰:“上句‘堂’‘基’‘羊’‘牛’以内外小大作俪耦,至本句变文。”也就是说,由上句的从小及大,变为此句的从大及小。“兕觥”又称爵,《诗毛氏传疏》:“兕觥为献酬宾客之爵,绎祭行旅酬(祭礼完毕后众人聚在一起宴饮称为‘旅酬’),故设兕觥焉。”

  最后三句言祭后宴饮,也就是“旅酬”。这里突出的是宴饮时的气氛,不吵不闹,合乎礼仪。《小雅·桑扈》最后一章:“兕觥其觩,旨酒思柔。彼(通‘匪’)交(儌)匪敖,万福来求(聚)。”与这三句正可互相印证。


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佚名《
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商颂·殷武》


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佚名《
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小雅·斯干》

佚名简介

唐代·佚名的简介


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...〔 ► 佚名的诗(421篇)

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