卷阿
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两汉]:佚名
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有卷者阿,飘风自南。岂弟君子,来游来歌,以矢其音。
伴奂尔游矣,优游尔休矣。岂弟君子,俾尔弥尔性,似先公酋矣。
尔土宇昄章,亦孔之厚矣。岂弟君子,俾尔弥尔性,百神尔主矣。
尔受命长矣,茀禄尔康矣。岂弟君子,俾尔弥尔性,纯嘏尔常矣。
有冯有翼,有孝有德,以引以翼。岂弟君子,四方为则。
颙颙卬卬,如圭如璋,令闻令望。岂弟君子,四方为纲。
凤凰于飞,翙翙其羽,亦集爰止。蔼蔼王多吉士,维君子使,媚于天子。
凤凰于飞,翙翙其羽,亦傅于天。蔼蔼王多吉人,维君子命,媚于庶人。
凤凰鸣矣,于彼高冈。梧桐生矣,于彼朝阳。菶菶萋萋,雍雍喈喈。
君子之车,既庶且多。君子之马,既闲且驰。矢诗不多,维以遂歌。
卷阿译文及注释
译文
曲折丘陵风光好,旋风南来声怒号。和气近人的君子,到此遨游歌载道,大家献诗兴致高。
江山如画任你游,悠闲自得且暂休。和气近人的君子,终生辛劳何所求,继承祖业功千秋。
你的版图和封疆,一望无际遍海内。和气近人的君子,终生辛劳有作为,主祭百神最相配。
你受天命长又久,福禄安康样样有。和气近人的君子,终生辛劳百年寿,天赐洪福永享受。
贤才良士辅佐你,品德崇高有权威,匡扶相济功绩伟。和气近人的君子,垂范天下万民随。
贤臣肃敬志高昂,品德纯洁如圭璋,名声威望传四方。和气近人的君子,天下诸侯好榜样。
高高青天凤凰飞,百鸟展翅紧相随,凤停树上百鸟陪。周王身边贤士萃,任您驱使献智慧,爱戴天子不敢违。
青天高高凤凰飞,百鸟纷纷紧相随,直上晴空迎朝晖。周王身边贤士萃,听您命令不辞累,爱护人民行无亏。
凤凰鸣叫示吉祥,停在那边高山冈。高冈上面生梧桐,面向东方迎朝阳。枝叶茂盛郁苍苍,凤凰和鸣声悠扬。
迎送贤臣马车备,车子既多又华美。迎送贤臣有好马,奔腾熟练快如飞。贤臣献诗真不少,为答周王唱歌会。
注释
有卷(quán):卷卷。卷,卷曲。阿:大丘陵。
飘风:旋风。
岂弟(kǎitì):即“恺悌”,和乐平易。
矢:陈,此指发出。
伴奂:据郑玄笺:“伴奂,自纵弛之意也。”则“伴奂”当即“泮涣”,无拘无束之貌。或谓读为“盘桓”,非。
优游:从容自得之貌。
俾(bǐ):使。尔:指周天子。弥:终,尽。性:同“生”,生命。
似:同“嗣”,继承。酋:同“猷”,谋划。
昄(bǎn)章:版图。
孔:很。
主:主祭。
茀(fú):通“福”。
纯嘏(gǔ):大福。
冯(píng):辅。翼:助。
引:牵挽。
则:标准。
颙(yōng)颙:庄重恭敬。昂(áng)昂:气概轩昂。
圭:古代玉制礼器,长条形,上端尖。璋:也是古代玉制礼器,长条形,上端作斜锐角。
令:美好。闻:声誉。
翙(huì)翙:鸟展翅振动之声。
爰:而。
蔼蔼:众多貌。吉士:贤良之士。
媚:爱戴。
傅:至。
朝阳:指山的东面,因其早上为太阳所照,故称。
菶(běng)菶:草木茂盛貌。
雝(yōng)雝喈(jiē)喈:鸟鸣声。
庶:众。
闲:娴熟。
不多:很多。不,读为“丕”,大。
遂:对。
参考资料:
1、朱 熹.诗经集传.上海:上海古籍出版社,1987:135-136
2、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:575-579
卷阿创作背景
关于此诗的创作背景,尚有争议。《毛诗序》认为是“召康公戒成王也”;宋代朱熹《诗集传》认为是“(召康)公从成王游歌于卷阿之上,因王之歌而作此以为戒”;而今人祝秀权认为《大雅.卷阿》作于西周穆王时期。
参考资料:
1、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:575-579
2、祝秀权.《大雅·卷阿》为穆王时诗考[J].天中学刊,2010,(12)
3、祝秀权.《大雅·卷阿》诗义考[J].贵州工程应用技术学院学报,2015.(02)
卷阿鉴赏
第一章发端总叙,以领起全诗。《汲冢纪年》:“成王三十三年,游于卷阿,召康公从。”此诗所记,当即为此次出游。“有卷者阿”言出游之地,“飘风自南”言出游之时,“岂弟君子”言出游之人,“来游来歌,以矢其音”二句则并游、歌而叙之。这段记叙简约而又全面,所以前人称其“是一段卷阿游宴小记”(方玉润《诗经原始》)。
第二、三、四章,称颂周室版图广大,疆域辽阔,周王恩泽,遍于海内,周王膺受天命,既长且久,福禄安康,样样齐备,因而能够尽情娱游,闲暇自得。这些称颂归结到一点,便是那重复了三次的“俾尔弥尔性”,即祝周王长命百岁,以便继承祖宗功业,成为百神的祭主,永远享受天赐洪福。
第五、六章,称颂周王有贤才良士尽心辅佐,因而能够威望卓著,声名远扬,成为天下四方的准则与楷模。这两章是承第二、三、四章而来。第二、三、四章主要说的是周王德性的内在作用,五、六两章主要说的是周王德性的外在影响,二者相辅相成,相得益彰。
第七、八、九章,以凤凰比周王,以百鸟比贤臣。诗人以凤凰展翅高飞,百鸟紧紧相随,比喻贤臣对周王的拥戴,即所谓“媚于天子”。(所谓“媚于庶人”,不过是一种陪衬。)然后又以高冈梧桐郁郁苍苍,朝阳鸣凤宛转悠扬,渲染出一种君臣相得的和谐气氛。
第十章回过头来,描写出游时车马,仍扣紧君臣相得之意。末二句写群臣献诗,盛况空前,与首章之“来游来歌,以矢其音”呼应作结。
此篇是对周王歌功颂德的诗篇,思想上带有局限性。但称颂中带有劝戒之意,所以仍有可取之处。从艺术上来说,全篇规模宏大,结构完整,赋笔之外,兼用比兴,如以“如圭如璋”比贤臣之“顒顒昂昂”,以凤凰百鸟比喻“王多吉士”、“王多吉人”,都很贴切自然,给读者留下了鲜明的印象,同时也对后世产生了广泛的影响。
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佚名《
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还》
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佚名《
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秦风·无衣》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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唐代:
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洞庭孤月在,秋色望无边。零露积衰草,寒螀鸣古田。
茫茫区中想,寂寂尘外缘。从此悟浮世,胡为伤暮年。
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挽戴南湾
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明代:
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陈龙
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南浦蒹葭覆钓舟,草堂人去水空流。凄凉烟月沧洲晚,憔悴霜风玉树秋。
身世百年同逆旅,功名两字等浮沤。史臣异日书高洁,东汉严光是匹俦。