一剪梅·咏柳
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明代]：夏完淳
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无限伤心夕照中，故国凄凉，剩粉余红。金沟御水自西东，昨岁陈宫，今岁隋宫。
一剪梅·咏柳译文及注释
译文
残阳如血，令人伤情，斜射着无垠的山川。故国覆亡，到处是一派凄凉。如今只剩南明朝廷残破狭小的宫殿，御苑中的溪流，自西向东流去，日夜不息。就像陈后主荒淫误国，昨日的陈朝宫殿，今年又变作隋朝的宫庭。
不堪回首，往事就像这轻浮的柳絮，刹那成空。柳絮不知人心，依旧似烟知雾地漫天飙飞。柔软的柳枝，青翠的柳叶，像细雨蒙蒙，西风刚刚吹过，东风又来侵袭，几番风雨。
注释
一剪梅：词牌名。此词牌以周邦彦所作起句有“一剪梅花万样娇”句，故取为调名。又名“玉簟秋”、“腊梅香”。重头六十字，平韵。
金沟：御沟，御河，上有金鳌玉蝀桥，故简言之，水即沟中水。
陈宫：陈朝宫殿。
隋宫：隋朝宫殿。隋炀帝曾筑长堤植万柳。
一晌（shǎng）：一转眼。晌：不多久，读若“赏”。
参考资料：
1、谷闻编．婉约词：西北大学出版社，1994年12月第1版：第397页
2、马敬芳译．豪放词：青海人民出版社，2004年01月第1版：第212页
一剪梅·咏柳创作背景
夏完淳以一腔忠贞，把短短十七年的有限生命，完全投入抗清复国的大潮之中，所写的诗、文、赋、词，无不悲歌激烈，血泪泪交融。辞风师承陈子龙。此首《一剪梅》，也同样是借咏柳来抒发一腔亡国之痛。
参考资料：
1、贺新辉主编．全清词鉴赏辞典：中国妇女出版社，1996年12月第1版：第434页
一剪梅·咏柳鉴赏
起句“无限伤心夕照中”，表现了情景难分：默默无言的柳丝，低垂在斜阳的夕照中，仿佛在为凄凉的祖国，感到无限的伤痛。你看那往日的百花园中，只剩下了点残花败叶，只有那御沟里的流水，还在默默地流淌，纷乱无比的世事啊，是如此地变化多端，去年还是陈后主的内苑，今年又成了隋炀帝的深宫。“金沟御水自西东”一句，可以在李商隐的《曲江》一诗中找到渊源：“金舆不返倾城色，玉殿犹分下苑波”。作为处于唐王朝的覆灭已成必然趋势的晚唐时期的李商隐，同样也有着“世纪末的悲哀”，他的“夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏”（《乐游原》）的慨叹，到了夏完淳，就变成“无限伤心”的泪滴了。这“昨岁陈宫，今岁隋宫”一语，和李商隐一样，借古喻今，寄寓着作者难以言尽的兴亡之叹。
下片着重抒情。“往事思量一晌空”：想想那悠悠往事，片刻之间都化成了片虚空。国破家亡，妻离子散，这是多么难以接受的事实。明亡后完淳父夏允彝，因抗清被执投水殉国，完淳因终日为复国大业奔走，年轻的妻子孤守空闺，白发的老母依门盼归。这国恨家仇，使年轻热血的词人已经无法自制了然而，客观却是“飞絮无情，依旧烟笼。长条短叶翠蒙蒙”：无情的飞絮，并不理会词人彻骨的伤痛，依旧如烟如雾地笼罩着柳树的长条短叶，它们生机蓬勃片苍翠。这真教他无法不产生“落日楼头，断鸿声里，江南游子。把吴钩看了，栏杆拍遍，无人会，登临意”（辛弃疾《水龙吟》）的愤慨。然而，更伤心的是它们竟然“才过西风，又过东风”。对于西风东风，明朝清朝，似乎无动于衷。这结尾以极其质朴的语言，道出了如鲁迅先生所说的“出离愤怒了””正好相互呼应，完成了一个完整的思想回环。
整首词写得凄迷哀惋，寓家国之叹于写景咏物之中，情文相生，结处余慨不尽。
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陈维崧《
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醉落魄·咏鹰》
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陆游《
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水调歌头·多景楼》
夏完淳简介
唐代·夏完淳的简介
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夏完淳（1631～1647）原名复，字存古，号小隐、灵首（一作灵胥），乳名端哥，汉族，明松江府华亭县（现上海市松江）人，明末著名诗人，少年抗清英雄，民族英雄。夏允彝子。七岁能诗文。十四岁从父及陈子龙参加抗清活动。鲁王监国授中书舍人。事败被捕下狱，赋绝命诗，遗母与妻，临刑神色不变。著有《南冠草》、《续幸存录》等。
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