垂钓
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唐代]：白居易
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临水一长啸，忽思十年初。三登甲乙第，一入承明庐。
浮生多变化，外事有盈虚。今来伴江叟，沙头坐钓鱼。
垂钓鉴赏
起句“临水一长啸”采用情感迸发式的写法领起全篇，把临水垂钓与发泄悲愤情绪融合起来，痛定思痛、长歌当哭的诗人形象跃然纸上，给人以震撼灵魂的感染力。
紧接着便回首往事，概述人生旅途的变化，宦海沉浮、仕途得失、人间冷暖、世事盈虚，尽在一声长啸之中。
诗中江州之贬在诗人心灵所造成的阴影时刻折磨着他，即使临水垂钓时也挥之不去。“忽思”一语正这种心理状态的真切表现。
此诗颔联“三登甲乙第，一入承明庐”，是诗人对前期一帆风顺、春风得意情景的追溯，也是对贬谪所受精神创伤的反衬。
那时，他既利用诗歌“补察时政”、“导泄人情”，往往使权贵们闻声变色。这自然给诗人留下了美好的回忆。可惜好景不长，逝者如流，这种回忆也带有浓浓的苦涩味了。
后两联则表现了诗人后期的思想变化。这一联写的是诗人身遭贬谪、饱经风霜之后对世事人生的重新审视，也是他寻求心理平衡的一种自慰。
可以看出，白居易头脑中的儒家入世思想逐渐让位于释、道出世思想。全诗以“今来伴江叟，沙头坐钓鱼”作结，轻快潇洒中隐含着深沉的苦闷，自我排遣中透露也几分达观。
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李白《
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与史郎中钦听黄鹤楼上吹笛》
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陈孚《
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咏永州》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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