念奴娇·和赵国兴知录韵
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宋代]:辛弃疾
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为沽美酒,过溪来、谁道幽人难致。更觉元龙楼百尺,湖海平生豪气。自叹年来,看花索句,老不如人意。东风归路,一川松竹如醉。
怎得身似庄周,梦中蝴蝶,花底人间世。记取江头三月暮,风雨不为春计。万斛愁来,金貂头上,不抵银瓶贵。无多笑我,此篇聊当宾戏。
念奴娇·和赵国兴知录韵鉴赏
开篇趣起,打趣自己,说只要清溪对岸有美酒,就可以招致自己这个难致的“幽人”前来。接韵以“更觉”的措辞,将自己与赵国兴暗中对照,以突出赵的“湖海豪气”。意谓因自己这样容易被招致,就更觉得赵这个有四方之志的湖海之士气度不凡、当卧百尺楼头了。“自叹”以下,直到结韵,全都是自我抒情。“自叹”一韵,伤惋自己年老才凋,作诗赋词,难以称意。上片末韵,明承起韵沽酒之辞,写自己得酒即醉、醉归于东风中的情态。暗接“不如人意”的句意,表达他欲因酒而排遣此愁的意思。有趣的是,这里写词人的醉态,不出以正笔,而以“松竹如醉”的曲笔来写,这就写透了他醉态朦胧的情态。而诗意正在“松竹如醉”的形容中。下片似写清醒时的思绪,其实是所谓“酒醉心灵”的思考产物。过片接上片末韵“东风”一词,写他对此春日美景若有所不足的遗憾感。此韵以“怎得”领起,表明所思所须实属不可得的用意。他所希望自己成为的,是庄周梦中那只栩栩然的物我浑一的蝴蝶,他希望作这一只蝴蝶,来纵情邀游于花丛间,把花底当成是整个的“人间世”即整个的世界。这就泄露了他希望忘世兼忘我的心意。而具有这种忘我兼忘世之想的人,显然是因为所承受的过于沉重痛苦之故,他在寻找着一个不可得的解脱。“记取”一韵,表明了他之所以想做庄周梦中的蝴蝶的部分原因。是因为暮春的江上,总是风狂雨骤,横暴的风雨从来不爱惜春天的美景,而要将它匆匆送走。“记取”一词,表明这种时光之忧,是他一直萦结在胸的旧伤痛。在“风雨”一句中,词人的悲凉、无奈之情可感。在这两韵里,花与春天的意象具有隐喻的色彩,它们隐指美好无憾的时光。同样,风雨也具有隐喻的色彩,它是作为破坏春天的对立面出现的,它是生命所不能把握的横暴力量的隐指。因为以上的隐喻色彩,所以尽管是写的自然春天的过程,也令词人产生了不能承受的“万斛愁”。这样无法称量的沉重愁恨,只有杯中酒才可以解除,因为它可以使人沉醉忘忧。而象征了富贵极盛的头上金貂,在此时光之优面前,则显得毫无意义———流逝的时光把金貂象征的富贵、把一切存在甩在自己的后面化为虚无。结韵关合全篇,以此词不过是一种《宾戏》的解释,把一切打空,用来回复赵知录。这样的结尾,固然表明了他的游戏态度,同时也更有深意。这深意就是,当词人反照自己的内心,发现了巨大的空虚和难以承受的痛苦时,他所去做的,不仅是以酒来沉醉忘情,更是要以排空一切的方式,来获得解脱。所以,这样的结尾,不是无聊的游戏,不是无意义的闲话,而是包容着一种压力和反压力的精神对抗的。
本词在章法上,打破上下片分段的词体常用格式,从上片第三韵就开始转为单纯写自己,是为变格;但变中有不变,如下片全为上片末韵引起,写自己春日归途上醉酒后的忧思与解脱。在表意上,全词似散而聚。所谓散,是指它头绪众多;既赞友人,又自叹衰老才枯;既写耽酒情状,又写耽酒的原因;既抒发好景不常的生命幽恨,又写忘世遣愁的心理需要。所谓聚,是指这么丰富的情意,曲曲折折地都可以用酒来收结:衰老才凋的闲愁可以用酒来打发,好景不常的生命大悲可以凭酒来遗忘,想做庄周梦中的那只蝴蝶而不可得的苦恼可以借酒来平息,乃至功名富贵终归无用的虚无之悲可以以酒来消除。
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太上隐者《
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答人》
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张籍《
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酬朱庆馀》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾(1140-1207),南宋词人。原字坦夫,改字幼安,别号稼轩,汉族,历城(今山东济南)人。出生时,中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军,不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》,条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情,倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤,对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责;也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词,风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合,后被弹劾落职,退隐江西带湖。
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