登单于台
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唐代]:张蠙
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沙翻痕似浪,风急响疑雷。
欲向阴关度,阴关晓不开。
登单于台译文及注释
译文
春日里无战事士兵都已返回,我独自一个人登上了单于台。
白炽的太阳从大地内部升起,奔腾的黄河从远天之外涌来。
黄沙翻滚纹痕好似大海波浪,狂风呼啸响声疑是平地生雷。
很想跨越阴山关隘看个究竟,阴山关隘虽已天亮门户不开。
注释
单(chán)于台:在今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市西,相传汉武帝曾率兵登临此台。
边兵:守卫边疆的士兵。
地中出:从平地升起。
沙翻:沙随风翻滚。
响疑雷:响声如同雷鸣。
阴关:阴山山脉中的关隘。阴山是汉代防御匈奴的屏障,绵亘今内蒙古自治区。
参考资料:
1、邓绍基.新编唐诗三百首:大连出版社,1990:316
2、张国举.唐诗精华注译评:长春出版社,2010:840
登单于台创作背景
关于这首诗的创作背景,辛文房《唐才子传》载:“疑《登单于台》及《蓟北书事》诸诗,皆系落第时北游燕云边地之作,至早亦应作于年轻时。《郡斋读书志》所载恐误。”则这首诗很可能是作者张蠙(pín)早年游塞外,观黄河,望阴山有感而作。
参考资料:
1、陈增杰.唐人律诗笺注集评:浙江古籍出版社,2003:1150
登单于台鉴赏
张蠙早年曾游塞外,写了不少边塞诗。单于台,在今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市西,相传汉武帝曾率兵登临此台。这首诗,描写边塞风光,语句浑朴,境界开阔,虽出于晚唐诗人之手,却很有些“盛唐气象”。
首联是全诗总领。“春”字和“独”字,看似出于无心,实则十分着力。春日兵回,边关平静无事,乃有登台览物之逸兴;虽曰春日,下文却了无春色,更显出塞外的荒凉。独上高台,凝思注目,突出诗人超然独立的形象。
一轮白日,跃出平地,写它喷薄而上的动态;千里黄河,天外飞来,写它源远流长的形象;“白日”、“黄河”对举,又在寥廓苍茫之中给人以壮丽多彩的感觉。白日出于地中而非山顶,黄河来自天外而非天上,一切都落在视平线下,皆因身在高台之上的缘故。
颈联继续写景。两句比喻,牢牢把握住居高临下的特点:居高,所以风急,所以风如雷响,惊心动魄;临下,才见沙痕,才见沙似浪翻,历历在目。不说“如雷”而说“疑雷”,传神地写出诗人细辨风声的惊喜情态。而白日、黄河、沙浪、风声,从远到近,自下而上,构成一幅有色彩、有动态、有音响的立体图画,把边塞风光,写得势阔声宏,莽莽苍苍之至。尤其是“白日地中出,黄河天外来”一联,语句浑朴,境界辽阔,学盛唐而能造出新境,很为后人激赏。
尾联写诗人从单于台上向北眺望阴山,那是汉代防御匈奴的天然屏障。诗人很想到阴山那边去看看,但见那起伏连绵的阴山,雄关似铁,虽然天已大亮,门户却紧闭不开,无法通行。
诗人分明看到横断前路的不可逾越的阻障,于是,激越慷慨的高吟大唱,一变而为徒唤奈何的颓唐之音。诗到晚唐,纵使歌咏壮阔雄奇的塞外风物,也难得有盛唐时代那蓬蓬勃勃的朝气了。
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王昌龄《
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出塞二首》
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张说《
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幽州夜饮》
张蠙简介
唐代·张蠙的简介
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[约公元九o一年前后在世]字象文,清河人。生卒年均不详,约唐哀帝天复初前后在世。生而颖秀,幼能为诗登单于台,有“白日地中出,黄河天上来”名,由是知名。家贫累下第,留滞长安。乾宁二年,(公元895年)登进士第。唐懿宗咸通(860-874)年间,与许棠、张乔、郑谷等合称“咸通十哲”。授校书郎,调栎阳尉,迁犀浦令。五建建蜀国,拜膳部员外郎。后为金堂令。
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