入昌松东界山行
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唐代]：高适
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鸟道几登顿，马蹄无暂闲。
崎岖出长坂，合沓犹前山。
石激水流处，天寒松色间。
王程应未尽，且莫顾刀环。
入昌松东界山行译文及注释
译文
在鸟儿才能飞越的山路上簸颠，马蹄笃笃没有一刻偷闲。
好容易通过一道崎岖的长坡，又有重重叠叠的大山出现在眼前。
湍急的水流冲激着巨石，松树的枝叶划破了寒天。
为王事奔波路程尚没有走尽，且不要过早地回看刀环。
注释
昌松：县名，唐陇右道武威郡属县，故城在今甘肃古浪县西。
鸟道：只有鸟才能飞越的山道。多用来称险峻的山路。登顿：忽上忽下、忽行忽止，形容山路的难走。
坂（bǎn）：山坡，斜坡。
合沓（tà）：重叠。
激：拍打、碰撞。
王程：奉王命差遣的行程。
顾刀环：西汉李陵投降匈奴后，任立政等见到他，不便私语，便自循视刀环，表示可以还归于汉。环：谐音“还”，借作还意，隐指还家。
参考资料：
1、刘树勋．高适诗选：四川人民出版社，1981：122
2、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根．古代文史名著选译丛书 高适岑参诗选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011：93
入昌松东界山行创作背景
天宝十一载（752年）秋冬之际，高适经人引荐入陇右和河西两节度使哥舒翰幕府中充任掌书记之职，赴哥舒翰幕府途经昌松时作下此诗。
参考资料：
1、谢楚发．高适岑参诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1992：90-91
入昌松东界山行鉴赏
首联中“鸟道”，写山之高峻；“登顿”，上下意，诗中指翻山越岭。“几登顿”“无暂闲”，概括地描述了行人马不停蹄．在崇山峻岭中奔走的情景。以“几”修饰“登顿”，可见行人已走的路程之长。这两句落笔“山行”，既点题，也为后文作了铺垫。
颔联写行人在鸟道上跋涉已久，一定非常疲惫，走出漫长崎岖的山坡，满以为山路已尽，展现在面前的将是一望无际的平川，谁知起伏的山峦又如刚才走过的山一样横亘在面前。用一“出”字、一“犹”字，生动地显示了行人错以为山路已尽的兴奋，以及看到眼前横亘的山峦后失望、厌烦的情绪。两句诗一扬一抑，既写山路，又写行人；写山路回应“几登顿”，写行人回应“无暂闲”；写山行非常真切，写行人十分细腻。
颈联描写山间的具体景物。水石相激。湍奔而去，耐寒的松树，树色苍凉，令人顿生寒意。诗人驱马赶路，走出长坂，又入群山，“山行”的辛苦、乏味自在不言之中。现在又要过激流，穿寒松，荒寒的景象使山行之人不能不生孤寂、厌倦之感。
尾联诗人在自觉厌倦之时，马上自激自励：王事未尽，不当思归。“王程”二字总管“山行”，点明了此次”山行”的意义。“顾刀环”句用汉朝李陵的典故。李陵留匈奴后，汉使任立政等见到他，难以私下说话，便向他使眼色，井屡屡抚摸刀环，“环”与“还”谐音，示意其归还汉朝。在这里，诗人说“且莫顾刀环”，就是提醒自己“王程”未尽，公事未了，决不能中途而止。诗人以明确的尽职意识，战胜了“山行”的疲倦、孤寂，诗的情调也为之一振，表现出盛唐边塞生活中所洋溢的进取精神。
这首诗在剪裁上舍因去果，直截“山行”中的一段，以少总多，富于典型性。全诗八句，以“山行”为线索，前六句与山行之所见，意境真切，使人如临其境；后两句写山行之所想，情绪昂扬，一派盛唐风调。
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纳兰性德《
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高适简介
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高适是我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，世称“高常侍”。 作品收录于《高常侍集》。高适与岑参并称“高岑”，其诗作笔力雄健，气势奔放，洋溢着盛唐时期所特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。
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