陇头吟
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唐代]：王维
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长安少年游侠客，夜上戍楼看太白。
陇头明月迥临关，陇上行人夜吹笛。
身经大小百余战，麾下偏裨万户侯。
苏武才为典属国，节旄空尽海西头。
陇头吟译文及注释
译文
长城少年是仗义轻生的侠客，夜里登上戍楼看太白的兵气。
陇山上的明月高高照临边关，陇关上的行人夜晚吹起羌笛。
关西地区来的老将不胜悲愁，驻马倾听笛声不禁老泪横流。
身经大大小小百余次的战斗，部下偏将都被封为万户之侯。
苏武归汉后只被拜为典属国，节上旄头徒然落尽北海西头。
注释
陇头吟：汉代乐府曲辞名。陇头，指陇山一带，大致在今陕西陇县到甘肃清水县一带。
长安：一作“长城”。游侠：古称豪爽好结交，轻生重义，勇于排难解纷的人。《韩非子·五蠹》：“废敬上畏法之民，而养游侠私剑之属。”
戍楼：边防驻军的瞭望楼。南朝梁元帝《登堤望水》诗：“旅泊依村树，江槎拥戍楼。”太白：太白星，即金星。古人认为他主兵象，可据以预测战事。
陇头：陇山。借指边塞。南朝宋陆凯《赠范晔诗》：“折花逢驿使，寄与陇头人。”迥（jiǒng）：远。
行人：出行的人，出征的人。《管子·轻重己》：“十日之内，室无处女，路无行人。”
关西：指函谷关或潼关以西的地区。《汉书·萧何传》：“关中摇足，则关西非陛下有也。”
驻马：使马停下不走。唐蒋吉《高溪有怀》诗：“驻马高溪侧，旅人千里情。”
麾下：即部下。《史记·秦本纪》：“缪公与麾下驰追之，不能得晋君。”偏裨（pí）：偏将，裨将。将佐的通称。《汉书·冯奉世传》：“典属国任立、护军都尉韩昌为偏裨，到陇西，分屯三处。”
典属国：汉代掌藩属国事务的官职。品位不高。
节旄：旌节上所缀的牦牛尾饰物。《汉书·苏武传》：“（苏武）杖汉节牧羊，卧起操持，节旄尽落。”指旌节。落尽：一作“空尽”，一作“零落”。海西：一作“海南”。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：289
2、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：93-95
陇头吟创作背景
唐玄宗开元二十五年（737年），河西节度使副大使崔希逸战胜吐蕃，唐玄宗命王维以监察御史的身份到边疆查访军情。长期生活在繁华都市的王维见到了奇异的边疆风光，感受到了艰苦的军中生活，诗情勃发，留下许多优秀的边塞诗。此诗即是其中一首。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：93-95
陇头吟鉴赏
此诗一、二两句，先写一位充满游侠豪气的长安少年夜登戍楼观察“太白”（金星）的星象，表现了他渴望建立边功、跃跃欲试的壮志豪情。起句很有气势。然而，底上突然笔锋一转，顺着长安少年的思绪，三、四句紧接着出现了月照陇山的远景：凄清的月夜，荒凉的边塞，在这里服役的“陇上行人”正在用呜咽的笛声寄托自己的愁思。如果说，长安少年头脑里装的是幻想；那么，陇上行人亲自经受的便是现实：两者的差别非常悬殊。写到这里，作者的笔锋又一转：由吹笛的陇上行人，引出了听笛的关西老将。承转也颇顿挫有力。这位关西老将“身经大小百余战”，曾建立过累累军功，这正是长安少年所追求的目标。然而老将立功之后并没有好的结果。部下的偏裨副将，有的已成了万户侯，而他却沉沦边塞。关西老将闻笛驻马而不禁泪流，这当中包含了无限的辛酸苦辣。这四句，是全诗的重点，写得悲怆郁愤。诗中虽未明言关西老将会有如此悲剧的遭遇的原因，但最后引用了苏武的典故，是颇含深意的。苏武出使匈奴被留，在北海边上持节牧羊十九年，以致符节上的旄繐都落尽了，如此尽忠于朝廷，报效于国家，回来以后，也不过只做了个典属国那样的小官。表面看来，这似乎是安慰关西老将的话，但实际上，引苏武与关西老将类比，恰恰说明了关西老将的遭遇不是偶然的、个别的。功大赏小，功小赏大，朝廷不公，古来如此。这就深化了诗的主题，赋予了它更广泛的社会意义。
在诗中，作者写到“长安少年”、“陇上行人”、“关西老将”这三类人物，写到戍楼看星、月夜吹笛、驻马流泪这三种边塞生活场景。凄清的月夜，荒凉的边塞，呜咽的笛声，悲怆的将士，构成了一种寂寞悲凉的意境，反映了唐代边塞生活的艰苦。在十句诗中，作者这三种类型的人物，三个不同的生活场景，巧妙地集中在一起，自然而然地形成了鲜明的对照。这就很容易使人联想到：今日的长安少年，安知不是明日的陇上行人，后日的关西老将？而今日的关西老将，又安知不是昨日的陇上行人，前日的长安少年？诗的主旨是发人深省的。
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马戴《
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出塞词》
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王昌龄《
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从军行二首》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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送僧怀师古庵住惠山并写竹枝以赠
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明代：
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王绂
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泉声山色古今同，师去尤能继若翁。临别自惭无可赠，一枝聊为助清风。