金字经·胡琴
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元代]：张可久
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雨漱窗前竹，涧流冰上泉。一线清风动二弦。联，小山秋水篇。昭君怨，塞云黄暮天。
金字经·胡琴译文及注释
译文
就像雨水冲洗着窗前的翠竹，又像初春的涧泉在冰上奔逐。胡琴的双弦交替拨动，仿佛有一丝清风从弦下送出。演奏一曲又一曲，贯联得那样圆熟。乐声先是清空高妙，一变而为凄切的怨诉。令人想起昭君出塞的一幕：塞云黄尘，天色昏暮。
注释
小山：西汉淮南王刘安手下的文学侍从，有大山、小山之分，淮南小山存世的著名作品是《招隐士赋》，俗称“小山赋”。又北宋词人晏几道号小山，有《小山词》，风格婉丽。又张可久，字小山。这里具有多义性。秋水篇：《庄子》篇名，述恬淡无争的原理。这里泛指清空高妙的歌行。
昭君：王昭君，汉元帝时宫人，因和亲远嫁匈奴。昭君怨，乐府名，又琴曲名。但此处也可按字面理解为“昭君怨恨”。
参考资料：
1、天下阅读网.金字经·胡琴
金字经·胡琴鉴赏
起首两句对仗，运用“比”的手法，表现胡琴琴声的垮琮。“雨漱窗前竹”，承袭杜诗“雨泻暮檐竹”（《大云寺赞公房》）的句法，而“涧流冰上泉”，则使人联想起白居易《琵琶行》“幽咽泉流冰下难”的诗句，都具有形象的听觉效果。雨点冲刷竹叶，沙沙作响，声音比较沉实；涧泉进流冰上，铿锵有声，声音比较清脆，这同《琵琶行》“大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语”的原理一样，是因琴弦粗细有别而产生的不同音色。两句比喻，已暗暗点现了胡琴的“二弦”。
“一线”句补明了这两种声音的来源。古人常把琴弦上流出的音符同风联想在一起，如“泠泠七弦上，坐听松风寒”（刘长卿《弹琴》）、“十四弦指下风生”（张可久《一枝花·湖上归》）等。“一线清风动二弦”，既表达了琴声的袅袅不绝，又使人感受到演奏者指法、弓法的娴熟与柔和，甚而使胡琴器具的本身，增添了诗意与美感。
“联”是一字句。散曲中的一字句，除具有独立存在的内容外，还能与上句或下句连读成意。这里的“联”字，承上启下，意蕴十分丰富。它可以理解为胡琴二弦上的乐声相联，添足“一线清风”的圆润；也可释为琴曲的内容互相连贯，即连续演奏小山篇、秋水篇（倘若将“小山秋水”间点上顿号），或连续演奏小山秋水篇、昭君怨（倘若将“小山”解作人名，而把“昭君怨”视作曲名）。“小山”的两句如同注释所述，具有多义性，不拘一解；遇上这种双关乃至多关的情形，读者在理解中不妨将它们的种种内涵在印象上叠加在一起。胡琴演奏的具体曲目并不重要，重要的是曲文生动地向读者展现了琴声的听觉效果。从后半几句可以知道，从胡琴的两根弦上娓娓流出了优美的琴声，最初是清旷空湛的曲调，泠泠然澄如秋水；随后转为哀怨凄切的内容，仿佛昭君出塞，在黄尘暮云中搊弹的一曲哀歌。寥寥数笔，令人神驰心往，有余韵不绝之感。
作者另有《朝天子·酸斋席上听胡琴》云：“玉鞭，翠钿，记马上昭君面。一梭银线解冰泉，碎拆骊珠串。雁舞秋烟，莺啼春院，伤心塞草边。醉仙，彩笺，写万里关山怨。”与该曲有相近之处。运用生动的艺术语言，将无形的音乐转化为可感的画面，正是这类闻乐作品的美感所在。
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张可久（约1270～1348以后）字小山（一说名伯远，字可久，号小山）（《尧山堂外纪》）；一说名张可久肖像（林晋生作）可久，字伯远，号小山（《词综》）；又一说字仲远，号小山（《四库全书总目提要》），庆元（治所在今浙江宁波鄞县）人，元朝重要散曲家，剧作家，与乔吉并称“双壁”，与张养浩合为“二张”。
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