对酒
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宋代]：陈与义
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新诗满眼不能裁，鸟度云移落酒杯。
官里簿书无日了，楼头风雨见秋来。
是非衮衮书生老，岁月匆匆燕子回。
笑抚江南竹根枕，一樽呼起鼻中雷。
对酒译文及注释
译文
眼前都是新诗的材料，可我一时无法表达；鸟儿从眼前飞掠，云儿在天上飘浮，都倒映进我的酒杯。
做着小官，文书堆案没完没了，使人厌倦；猛抬头，楼前又是一番风雨，秋天已经到来。
是是非非，接踵不绝，书生渐渐老去；岁月匆匆，翩翩燕子，已仓促回归。
我把一切烦恼都抛到脑后，含笑抚摸着用江南竹根做的枕头，喝醉了酒，美美地睡上一觉，鼾声如雷。
注释
新诗：新的诗作。
官里：衙门里，官府里。
簿书：官府的文书。
衮衮（gǔn）：相继不绝。
参考资料：
1、李梦生． 宋诗三百首全解．上海： 复旦大学出版社 ， 2007年5月1日 ：第195-196页
对酒创作背景
据陈与义集前后诗作年，这首诗当作于宣和六年（1124年）秋。
参考资料：
1、李梦生． 宋诗三百首全解．上海： 复旦大学出版社 ， 2007年5月1日 ：第195-196页
对酒鉴赏
诗首联切题，但以倒装出之。诗人对着酒杯，只见飞鸟掠过，浮云缓移，这一切都倒映在杯中，于是心中若有触动，觉得这是极好的诗料，想写出来，又似乎找不到适当的诗句来表达。江西诗派的诗喜欢拗折，这样起句，将因果倒置，诗便显得突兀而有波折。同时人葛胜仲在评论陈与义诗时，曾指出他的诗“务一洗旧常畦径，意不拔俗，语不惊人，不轻出也”，这联诗便是很好的例子。诗写的情况，是每个诗人都遇到过的。这样的感触，就是陶渊明《饮酒》诗所说“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”，也即李商隐《锦瑟》诗所云“此情可待成追忆，只是当时已茫然”，明明是极好的景情，诗似乎就在口边，却一下子说不出来。陈与义对这种境界体会很深，多次拈出，如《春日》云：“忽有好诗生眼底，安排句法已难寻。”又如《题酒务壁》云：“佳句忽堕前，追摹已难真。”
第二、第三联写现实生活，抒发感慨。两联都一句说情，一句写景作陪衬，进一步阐发情。诗人当时官符宝郎，到这年冬天，即以王黼事罢，出监陈留酒税。这时候，他或许已对官场的倾轧感到了厌恶，而自己已是三十五岁，官低位贱，展望未来，前程似漆，于是在这两联诗的出句中感叹自己整天忙忙碌碌，周旋于案牍文书之中，没有出头的日子；没完没了的是非恩怨，又缠绕着自己，伴随着自己渐渐老去。与所抒发的心理动态相呼应，两联的对句便写相应的景物，自成连续，说眼见到楼头阵阵风雨，秋天已经来到，满目苍凉萧瑟，使人感伤；燕子已经离开，飞往南方的故巢，令人感到岁月在匆匆地流逝。这两联是名句，方回对此极为赞赏，在《瀛奎律髓》中评说：“此诗中两联俱用变体，各以一句说情，一句说景，奇矣。”宋吴开《优古堂诗话》说：“近时称陈去非诗‘案上簿书何时了，楼头风月又秋来’之句。或者曰：此东坡‘官事无穷何日了，菊花有信不吾欺’耳。予以为本唐人罗邺《仆射陂晚望》诗‘身事未知何日了，马蹄唯觉到秋忙’。”方回则以为本苏轼词“官事何时毕，风雨外，无多日”，第三联则与陈与义自己的《寓居刘仓廨中晚步过郑仓台上》的“世事纷纷人老易，春阴漠漠絮飞迟”同意，“是为变体”。吴开及方回都遵循江西诗派宗旨，在“无一字无来历”上下工夫，实际上，不论陈与义是否袭用前人，诗都写得意深情深，格调高迥；其中以“书生”对“燕子”、“簿书”对“风雨”、“是非”对“岁月”，都很灵动，非俗手所能做到。
在发了一通感慨后，诗进入尾声，回应题目，说自己含笑把这些人世间的烦恼都远远地抛开，痛快地喝上一通酒，醉后往床上一躺，进入梦乡。这联虽然是故作达语，力求轩豁，但气势与上不称。陈与义曾经提出作诗要达到两个标准，一是“忌俗”，一是“不可有意用事”，这联却写得很俗气，违背了自己的标准，所以清纪昀、许印芳都曾予以指摘。
这首诗属于拗体，采用了特殊的结构形式，显得兀傲奇崛，是陈与义学黄山谷诗的结果，因此被极力鼓吹江西诗派诗的方回赞为“学许浑诗者能之乎？此非深透老杜、山谷、后山三关不能也”。
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苏轼《
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减字木兰花·以大琉璃杯劝王仲翁》
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白朴《
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寄生草·饮》
陈与义简介
唐代·陈与义的简介
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陈与义(1090-1138)，字去非，号简斋，汉族，其先祖居京兆，自曾祖陈希亮迁居洛阳，故为宋代河南洛阳人（现在属河南）。他生于宋哲宗元祐五年(1090年)，卒于南宋宋高宗绍兴八年(1138年)。北宋末，南宋初年的杰出诗人，同时也工于填词。其词存于今者虽仅十余首，却别具风格，尤近于苏东坡，语意超绝，笔力横空，疏朗明快，自然浑成，著有《简斋集》。
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