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《大酺·春雨》鉴赏_周邦彦作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《大酺·春雨》鉴赏

原文

对宿烟收,春禽静,飞雨时鸣高屋。墙头青玉旆,洗铅霜都尽,嫩梢相触。润逼琴丝,寒侵枕障,虫网吹黏帘竹。邮亭无人处,听檐声不断,困眠初熟。奈愁极顿惊,梦轻难记,自怜幽独。

行人归意速。最先念、流潦妨车毂。怎奈向、兰成憔悴,卫玠清羸,等闲时、易伤心目。未怪平阳客,双泪落、笛中哀曲。况萧索、青芜国。红糁铺地,门外荆桃如菽。夜游共谁秉烛。

赏析

  这是一首惜春词。上阕从暮春的雨景写到客中阻雨的愁闷,从视听两方面描绘,笔法细腻;下阕从雨阻行程写到落红铺地、春事消歇,抒归心似箭而难归去的无奈和惆怅。

  此篇在春雨迷蒙的意象中,点染人事。上片写春雨中的闺愁。开头三句写一宿春雨初歇,拂晓时烟雾弥漫,鸟儿刚刚睁开惺松的双眼,还未婉转啼鸣,此时,大地一片寂静。而昨日,风雨交加,鸟鸣高屋,一片喧嚣。这是倒叙法,将静与动、冷与热两相对照,以突出今日之“静”,为下面闺愁作了衬托。“墙头”三句,从“静”字展开,写墙头青布酒招已不飘扬,楼上玉人洗尽铅华,只有柳眼微睁,柳丝依依,脉脉含情。几笔景物素描,已将闺愁暗暗托出。“润逼琴丝”三句,进一步勾勒闺房景物──琴、枕、屏障、竹帘,都在春雨潇潇中蒙上了湿润,浸透了寒气,是泪湿?是心寒?闺中人的愁情就能在这闺房景物中。“虫网吹粘帘竹”一句尤妙,以物象描绘之细微,揭示了闺中人百无聊赖无所事事之心境。“邮亭无人处”点出闺愁的原因──游子未归。“邮亭”古代驿站。“听檐声不断”五句,正面写出闺中人在春雨中的绵绵情思。她深夜不寐,听夜雨淅沥,檐水滴心,其情苦也。困乏时刚刚入睡,奈何又被“愁极”惊醒,梦中的相会是幸福的,然而又是短暂的,梦醒后,竟是“自怜幽独”。

  下片写春雨中的羁愁。开头两句写游子归心似箭,然而最令人忧虑的是雨水成潦,阻住车轮,无法还乡。羁留他乡,岂不愁煞得兰成憔悴,卫玠瘦羸,在等闲之时,在无可奈何之中,不更易使人伤心落泪。此处用典言羁旅之愁。卫玠,晋安邑人,字叔宝,风神秀异。官太子洗马,后移家建业(今南京)。人闻其名,观者如堵,年二十七卒。时人谓“看杀卫玠”。“未怪平阳客”二句,又以平阳客在春雨潇潇中闻哀笛落泪事写羁愁。“平阳客”代指游子。“况萧索”以下四句,乃词意一大转折,说游子在春雨潇潇中泪落思乡,那么在万木萧疏、落红遍地、一片荒芜的深秋时返乡时,会如何呢?词中只以景物与感慨作答──家门外,桃园菽畦,荆棘丛生,如此苍凉景象,游子那有心情与友人秉烛夜游呢?此处结得突然,是转折中的顿挫,词意含蓄,将游子之羁旅也愁、归乡也愁,写得淋漓尽致。可谓“顿挫中别饶蕴藉”。

  陈振孙说:邦彦“长调尤善铺叙,富艳精工,词人之甲乙也”(《直斋书录解题》)。邦彦词的铺叙从此篇中可看出其特点是不平铺直叙,而是曲折回环,开阖动荡,富于变化。

  邦彦善创慢曲。张炎《词律·序》言:“美成(周邦彦)诸人又复增渲慢曲、引、近,或移宫犯羽为三犯、四犯之曲,按月律为之,其曲遂繁。”《大酺》则是美成所创之慢曲,双调,133字,前段15句,5仄韵,后段11句,7仄韵。后为者,以此为律。

周邦彦简介

唐代·周邦彦的简介


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周邦彦


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周邦彦(1056年-1121年),中国北宋末期著名的词人,字美成,号清真居士,汉族,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制,提举大晟府。精通音律,曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅,也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。

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