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《鬻海歌》鉴赏_柳永作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网
首页 > 诗文 > 鬻海歌 > 鉴赏

《鬻海歌》鉴赏

原文

鬻海之民何所营,妇无蚕织夫无耕。

衣食之源太寥落,牢盆鬻就汝轮征。

年年春夏潮盈浦,潮退刮泥成岛屿。

风干日曝咸味加,始灌潮波塯成卤。

卤浓碱淡未得闲,采樵深入无穷山。

豹踪虎迹不敢避,朝阳山去夕阳还。

船载肩擎未遑歇,投入巨灶炎炎热。

晨烧暮烁堆积高,才得波涛变成雪。

自從潴卤至飞霜,无非假贷充餱粮。

秤入官中得微直,一缗往往十缗偿。

周而复始无休息,官租未了私租逼。

驱妻逐子课工程,虽作人形俱菜色。

鬻海之民何苦门,安得母富子不贫。

本朝一物不失所,愿广皇仁到海滨。

甲兵净洗征轮辍,君有馀财罢鹽铁。

太平相业尔惟鹽,化作夏商周时节。

赏析

  《鬻海歌》可分为三段。第一段从开头“鬻海之民何所营”至“牢盆鬻就汝输征”是写住在盐场的人们,没有养蚕织布和从事农业劳动的条件,经济生活来源无着,只好从事熬盐生产。

  第二段从“年年春夏潮盈浦”至“虽作人形俱菜色”。这一段,全面地反映了熬盐的人们艰难的劳动和痛苦的生活。这一段又可分三小段。第一小段从开头至“才得波涛变成雪”,是写熬盐的整个劳动过程,每年等到春夏的潮水退去以后,就把含有盐分的泥刮起来堆起来。经过风吹日晒,又把它“灌潮波塯成卤”,一方面要把这种盐卤的咸味调的浓厚得当,一面又要到有野兽的深山里去采木柴,早出晚归,有了木料,才能“投入巨灶炎炎热”,好不容易才把食盐制造好。第二小段,是“自从潴卤至飞霜”至“一缗往往十缗偿”。这四句写他们受到严重剥削,因为他们穷苦,在盐生产出来以前,他们靠借债过活,可是等到他们生产出盐秤入官中时,原来借一千钱现在却要用一万钱来偿还了。第三小段,从“周而复始无休息”至“虽作人形俱菜色”,写一年一年地这样周而复始地过去,官租和私租轮流地逼迫着他们,只得驱妻逐子也去拼命地劳动,但还是应付不了,而过度的劳动和饥寒交迫的生活却使他们一个个地变得面黄肌瘦了。

  第三段从“鬻海之民何苦辛”至“化作夏商周时节”,这里作者对盐户的痛苦生活表示深切的同情,同时希望停止战争,罢免重税,皇帝和宰相以仁慈治理国家,使社会恢复的“三代之治”。

  《鬻海歌》的最大特点是对于盐户痛苦生活的描写的真实性和具体性。作者全面地具体地描绘了熬盐的整个生产劳动过程,又全面地写出了他们所受的多方面的压迫。这首诗是这些亭户的悲惨生活的反映,是对于残酷的剥削制度的血泪的控诉。诗的末尾表达了作者对这悲惨的一群的深切同情。他所希望实现的恢复“三代之治”的善良感情,在当时阶极对立社会中,无非是乌托邦的梦想。但是,他这种思想感情却是真实地代表了劳动人民的愿望的。《鬻海歌》比起柳永的许多词的价值要高得多,因为作者了熟悉这些劳动人民的生活,真实地描绘了他们凄凉的生活情景,以充满同情的笔为他们的痛苦呼吁,跟他那些只描写个人生活际遇的词比起来,意义和价值当然要大得多。

  《鬻海歌》中对盐民的深重灾难和灾难的根源揭示得相当深刻具体,表现出对盐民的深切同情。诗中的盐民之苦与自居易的《卖炭翁》中老翁之苦很相似,他们都是经历过常人难以想像的辛勤劳动获得自己的劳动果实,仅仅是为了自己的温饱,但结果却都是被官家掳去。这种深重的灾难主要是统治阶层的巧取豪夺带来的。海边的盐民们从春到夏,靠借债过日子,晒盐煮盐,还有深山中豺狼虎豹所带来的生命之忧。按理说,人们在面对生命受到威胁的情况下,首先想到的是躲避,但他们却是“豹踪虎迹不敢避”。当然不是因为不畏惧,而是像柳宗元《捕蛇者说》中的那位捕蛇者,除了自然界的威胁外,还有“猛于虎”的“苛政”。盐民还有捕蛇者“官租未了私租逼”的不幸周而复始,而这“一缗往往十缗偿”的私租,与常年未了的官租相结合,带给盐民的自然是无穷无尽的苦难。

  《鬻海歌》继承了《诗经》和汉魏乐府的现实主义的传统,表现前代诗人很少涉及的盐民生活,把制盐的过程写得详细真切。不是亲自去了解,不可能有如此效果。结尾的议论,与白居易新乐府的“卒章显其志”的模式相近,但在表达时更为婉曲,是从正面表达自己的愿望,符合儒家温柔敦厚的诗教传统。钱钟书先生说,该诗和王冕的《伤亭户》是宋元两代“写盐民生活最痛切的两首诗”(《宋诗选注》)。

柳永简介

唐代·柳永的简介


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柳永


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柳永,(约987年—约1053年)北宋著名词人,婉约派代表人物。汉族,崇安(今福建武夷山)人,原名三变,字景庄,后改名永,字耆卿,排行第七,又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士,官至屯田员外郎,故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”,以毕生精力作词,并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活,尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情,创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画,情景交融,语言通俗,音律谐婉,在当时流传极其广泛,人称“凡有井水饮处,皆能歌柳词”,婉约派最具代表性的人物之一,对宋词的发展有重大影响,代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。

...〔 〕