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《乐毅报燕王书》鉴赏_佚名作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《乐毅报燕王书》鉴赏

原文

  昌国君乐毅,为燕昭王合五国之兵而攻齐,下七十馀城,尽郡县之以属燕。三城未下,而燕昭王死。惠王即位,用齐人反间,疑乐毅,而使骑劫代之将。乐毅奔赵,赵封以为望诸君。齐田单诈骑劫,卒败燕军,复收七十余城以复齐。

  燕王悔,惧赵用乐毅乘燕之弊以伐燕。燕王乃使人让乐毅,且谢之曰:“先王举国而委将军,将军为燕破齐,报先王之仇,天下莫不振动。寡人岂敢一日而忘将军之功哉!会先王弃群臣,寡人新即位,左右误寡人。寡人之使骑劫代将军,为将军久暴露于外,故召将军,且休计事。将军过听,以与寡人有隙,遂捐燕而归赵。将军自为计则可矣,而亦何以报先王之所以遇将军之意乎?”

  望诸君乃使人献书报燕王曰:“臣不佞,不能奉承先王之教,以顺左右之心,恐抵斧质之罪,以伤先王之明,而又害于足下之义,故遁逃奔赵。自负以不肖之罪,故不敢为辞说。今王使使者数之罪,臣恐侍御者之不察先王之所以畜幸臣之理,而又不白于臣之所以事先王之心,故敢以书对。”

  “臣闻贤圣之君不以禄私其亲,功多者授之;不以官随其爱,能当者处之。故察能而授官者,成功之君也;论行而结交者,立名之士也。臣以所学者观之,先王之举错,有高世之心,故假节于魏王,而以身得察于燕。先王过举,擢之乎宾客之中,而立之乎群臣之上,不谋于父兄,而使臣为亚卿。臣自以为奉令承教,可以幸无罪矣,故受命而不辞。

  “先王命之曰:‘我有积怨深怒于齐,不量轻弱,而欲以齐为事。’臣对曰:‘夫齐,霸国之余教而骤胜之遗事也,闲于甲兵,习于战攻。王若欲伐之,则必举天下而图之。举天下而图之,莫径于结赵矣。且又淮北、宋地,楚、魏之所同愿也。赵若许约,楚、赵、宋尽力,四国攻之,齐可大破也。’先王曰:‘善。’臣乃口受令,具符节,南使臣于赵。顾反命,起兵随而攻齐,以天之道,先王之灵,河北之地,随先王举而有之于济上。济上之军奉令击齐,大胜之。轻卒锐兵,长驱至国。齐王逃遁走莒,仅以身免。珠玉财宝,车甲珍器,尽收入燕。大吕陈于元英,故鼎反乎历室,齐器设于宁台。蓟丘之植,植于汶篁。自五伯以来,功未有及先王者也。先王以为顺于其志,以臣为不顿命,故裂地而封之,使之得比乎小国诸侯。臣不佞,自以为奉令承教,可以幸无罪矣,故受命而弗辞。”

  “臣闻贤明之君,功立而不废,故著于《春秋》,蚤知之士,名成而不毁,故称于后世。若先王之报怨雪耻,夷万乘之强国,收八百岁之蓄积,及至弃群臣之日,遗令诏后嗣之馀义,执政任事之臣,所以能循法令,顺庶孽者,施及萌隶,皆可以教于后世。”

  “臣闻善作者不必善成,善始者不必善终。昔者伍子胥说听乎阖闾,故吴王远迹至于郢;夫差弗是也,赐之鸱夷而浮之江。故吴王夫差不悟先论之可以立功,故沉子胥而弗悔;子胥不蚤见主之不同量,故入江而不改。”

  “夫免身功,以明先王之迹者,臣之上计也。离毁辱之非,堕先王之名者,臣之所大恐也。临不测之罪,以幸为利者,义之所不敢出也。”

  “臣闻古之君子,交绝不出恶声;忠臣之去也,不洁其名。臣虽不佞,数奉教于君子矣。恐侍御者之亲左右之说,而不察疏远之行也。故敢以书报,唯君之留意焉。

赏析

  燕王哙时,齐湣王因燕乱起兵攻燕,掳掠燕国宝器运回齐国。燕人共立太子平为燕昭王。昭王用乐毅为上将军,联合五国的军队攻破齐国。后来燕国中了齐国的反间计,乐毅被迫出逃,齐人大破燕军。燕惠王因而写信给乐毅,乐毅写这封信来回答。

  乐毅针对燕惠王来信中说的“何以报先王之所以遇将军之意”,从两方面予以回答:第一,写他为了报先王知遇之恩,作了详尽规划,再率军队彻底报了积怨。第二,考虑到“善作者不必善成,善始者不必善终”,所以“负身全功,以明先王之迹,”免得“离毁辱之非,堕先王之名”,从而保留先王知人之明。这第二点,正是回答惠王责备他的“弃燕归赵”。最后再说明“君子交绝不出恶声,忠臣之去也不洁其名。”他在回答第二点时只用典而不点破,正是“不出恶声”;他不避“遁逃奔赵”,正是“不洁其名”。这封信,回答燕惠王的责问,措辞极为婉转得体;又恰到好处地显示出作者的善于谋划,善于用兵,以及善于全身保名。靠君臣知遇来建功立业,是古代不少有才能的人的愿望,所以这封信成为历代所传诵的名篇。

佚名简介

唐代·佚名的简介


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