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《归园田居·其一》鉴赏_陶渊明作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《归园田居·其一》鉴赏

原文

少无适俗韵,性本爱丘山。

误落尘网中,一去三十年。(误落一作:误入)

羁鸟恋旧林,池鱼思故渊。

开荒南野际,守拙归园田。

方宅十余亩,草屋八九间。

榆柳荫后檐,桃李罗堂前。

暧暧远人村,依依墟里烟。

狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠。

户庭无尘杂,虚室有余闲。

久在樊笼里,复得返自然。

赏析

  公元405年(东晋安帝义熙元年),陶渊明在江西彭泽做县令,不过八十多天,便声称不愿“为五斗米向乡里小儿折腰”,挂印回家。从此结束了时隐时仕、身不由己的生活,终老田园。归来后,作《归园田居》诗一组,共五首,描绘田园风光的美好与农村生活的淳朴可爱,抒发归隐后愉悦的心情。这是第一首。主要是以追悔开始,以庆幸结束,追悔自己“误落尘网”、“久在樊笼”的压抑与痛苦,庆幸自己终“归园田”、复“返自然”的惬意与欢欣,真切表达了诗人对污浊官场的厌恶,对山林隐居生活的无限向往与怡然陶醉。

  所谓“适俗韵”无非是逢迎世俗、周旋应酬、钻营取巧的那种情态、那种本领,这是诗人从来就未曾学会的东西。作为一个真诚率直的人,其本性与淳朴的乡村、宁静的自然,似乎有一种内在的共通之处,所以“爱丘山”。前二句表露了作者清高孤傲、与世不合的性格,看破官场后,执意离开,对官场黑暗的不满和绝望。为全诗定下一个基调,同时又是一个伏笔,它是诗人进入官场却终于辞官归田的根本原因。

  “误落尘网中,一去三十年。”尘网:尘世的罗网。“三十年”应该是“十三年”,他从开始作江州祭酒,到辞去彭泽县令,前后一共十三年。所以“一去三十年”是“一去十三年”之误。这两句是说,自己不得已出去做官,一去就是十三年。

  起首四句,先说个性与既往人生道路的冲突。“适俗韵”无非是指逢迎世俗、周旋应酬、钻营取巧的那种情态、那种本领吧,这是诗人从来就未曾学会的东西。作为一个真诚率直的人,其本性与淳朴的乡村、宁静的自然,似乎有一种内在的共同之处,所以“爱丘山”。前两句表现了作者清高孤傲、与世不合的性格,为全诗定下了一个基调,同时又是一个伏笔,它是诗人进入官场却终于辞官归田的根本原因。但是人生常不得已,作为一个官宦人家的子弟,步入仕途乃是通常的选择;作为一个熟读儒家经书,欲在社会中寻求成功的知识分子,也必须进入社会的权力组织;便是为了供养家小、维持较舒适的日常生活,也需要做官。所以不能不违背自己的本性,奔波于官场。回头想起来,那是误入歧途,误入了束缚人性而又肮脏无聊的世俗之网。

  羁鸟:被束缚的鸟。池鱼:水池里养的鱼。故渊:指鱼儿原先生活的水潭。这两句是说,关在笼中的鸟儿依恋居住过的山林,养在池中的鱼儿思念生活过的深潭。

  “开荒南野际,守拙归田园。”际:间。拙:笨拙。自谦之词,与世俗的机巧相对而言。这两句是说,到南边的原野里去开荒,依着愚拙的心性回家耕种田园。

  这四句是两种生活之间的过渡,前两句集中描写做官时的心情,从上文转接下来,语气顺畅,毫无阻隔。因为连用两个相似的比喻,又是对仗的句式,便强化了厌倦旧生活,向往新生活的情绪;再从这里转接下文,就显得自然妥帖,丝毫不着痕迹了。

  “方宅十余亩,草屋八九间”,是简笔的勾勒,以此显出主人生活的简朴。但虽无雕梁画栋之堂皇宏丽,却有榆树柳树的绿荫笼罩于屋后,桃花李花竞艳于堂前,素淡与绚丽交掩成趣。

  暧暧,是模糊不清的样子,村落相隔很远,所以显得模糊,就像国画家画远景时,往往也是淡淡勾上几笔水墨一样。依依,形容炊烟轻柔而缓慢地向上飘升。这两句所描写的景致,给人以平静安详的感觉,好像这世界不受任何力量的干扰。

  “狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠”,一下子将这幅美好的田园画活起来了。这二句套用汉乐府《鸡鸣》“鸡鸣高树颠,狗吠深宫中”而稍加变化。但诗人绝无用典炫博的意思,不过是信手拈来。他不写虫吟鸟唱,却写了极为平常的鸡鸣狗吠,因为这鸡犬之声相闻,才最富有农村环境的特征,和整个画面也最为和谐统一。隐隐之中,是否也渗透了《老子》所谓“小国寡民”、“鸡犬之声相闻,民老死不相往来”的理想社会观念,那也难说。单从诗境本身来看,这二笔是不可缺少的。它恰当地表现出农村的生活气息,又丝毫不破坏那一片和平的意境,没有喧嚣和烦躁之感。以此比较王籍的名句“蝉噪林逾静,鸟鸣山更幽”,那种为人传诵的所谓“以动写静”的笔法,未免太强调、太吃力。

  这八句是写归隐之后的生活,好像诗人带着我们在他的田园里参观一番,他指东道西地向我们一一介绍:田亩、草屋、榆柳、桃李、远村、近烟、狗吠、鸡鸣。这些平平常常的景物,一经诗人点化,都添了无穷的情趣。

  尘杂是指尘俗杂事,虚室就是静室。既是做官,总不免有许多自己不愿干的蠢事,许多无聊应酬吧。如今可是全都摆脱了,在虚静的居所里生活得很悠闲。不过,最令作者愉快的,倒不在这悠闲,而在于从此可以按照自己的意愿生活。

  自然,既是指自然的环境,又是指顺适本性、无所扭曲的生活。这两句再次同开头“少无适俗韵,性本爱丘山”相呼应,同时又是点题之笔,揭示出《归园田居》的主旨。但这一呼应与点题,丝毫不觉勉强。全诗从对官场生活的强烈厌倦,写到田园风光的美好动人,新生活的愉快,一种如释重负的心情自然而然地流露了出来。这样的结尾,既是用笔精细,又是顺理成章。

  这首诗最突出的是写景———描写园田风光运用白描手法远近景相交,有声有色;其次,诗中多处运用对偶句,如:还有对比手法的运用,将“尘网”“樊笼”与“园田居”对比,从而突出诗人对官场的厌恶、对自然的热爱;再有语言明白清新,几如白话,质朴无华。这首诗呈现出一个完整的意境,诗的语言完全为呈现这意境服务,不求表面的好看,于是诗便显得自然。总之,这是经过艺术追求、艺术努力而达到的自然。

陶渊明简介

唐代·陶渊明的简介


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陶渊明


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陶渊明(约365年—427年),字元亮,(又一说名潜,字渊明)号五柳先生,私谥“靖节”,东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族,东晋浔阳柴桑人(今江西九江)。曾做过几年小官,后辞官回家,从此隐居,田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材,相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。

...〔 〕