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《生年不满百》鉴赏_佚名作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《生年不满百》鉴赏

原文

生年不满百,常怀千岁忧。

昼短苦夜长,何不秉烛游!

为乐当及时,何能待来兹?

愚者爱惜费,但为後世嗤。

仙人王子乔,难可与等期。

赏析

思想意义

  从全诗来看,这首诗即以松快的旷达之语,对世间的两类追求者予以嘲讽。

  首先是吝啬聚财“惜费”者,生年不足百岁,却愚蠢到怀千岁忧,以“百年”、“千年”的荒谬对接,揭示那些活得吝啬的“惜费”者的可笑情态。

  “昼短苦夜长,何不秉烛游”!“游”者,文中的“游”与后文所提到的“为乐当及时”的“乐”都与常人理解的有异意,游及乐并不是那种酒肉池林,歌舞升平的放纵肉欲,是文人雅士的寄情山水,把酒言诗,忘却失意不得志之情殇的一种积极健康的享受生活之乐。这种乐也是建立在热爱生活基础之上,更是以旷达狂放之思,表现了人生毫无出路的痛苦。

  只要看一看文人稍有出路的建安时代,这种及时行乐的吟叹,很快又为悯伤民生疾苦、及时建功立业的慷慨之音所取代,就可以明白这一点。其实是对仰慕成仙者的嘲讽。但这种得遇神仙的期待,到了苦闷的汉末,也终于被发现只是一场空梦。

艺术特点

  人生价值的怀疑,似乎常因生活的苦闷。在苦闷中看人生,许多传统的观念,都会在怀疑的目光中轰然倒塌。这首诗集以松快的旷达之语,给世间的两类追求者,兜头浇了一桶冷水。

  首先是对吝啬聚财的“惜费”者的嘲讽,它几乎占了全诗的主要篇幅。这类人正如《诗经·唐风》“山有枢”一诗所讥刺的:“子有衣裳,弗曳弗娄(穿裹着);子有车马,弗驰弗驱。宛其死矣,他人是愉”——只管苦苦地聚敛财货,就不知道及时享受。他们所忧虑的,无非是子孙后代的生计。这在诗人看来,简直愚蠢可笑:“生年不满百,常怀千岁忧”——纵然人能活上百年,也只能为子孙怀忧百岁,这是连小孩都明白的常识;何况还未必活得了百年,偏偏想忧及“千岁”,真是愚不可及。开篇落笔,以“百年”、“千年”的荒谬对接,揭示那些活得吝啬的“惜费”者的可笑情态,真是妙不可言。接着两句更奇:“昼短苦夜长,何不秉烛游!”“游”者,放情游乐也。把生命的白昼,尽数沉浸在放情游乐之中,已够耸人听闻的了,诗人却还“苦”于白昼太“短”,竟异想天开,劝人把夜晚的卧息时间,也都用来行乐,真亏他想得出来。夜晚黑灯瞎火,就怕败了游兴。诗人却早备良策:那就干脆手持烛火而游!——把放情行乐之思,表述得如此赤裸而大言不惭,这不仅在汉代诗坛上,就是在整个古代诗歌史上,恐怕都算得上惊世骇俗之音了。至于那些孜孜追索于藏金窑银的守财奴,听了更要瞠目咋舌。这些是被后世诗论家叹为“奇情奇想,笔势峥嵘”的开篇四句(方东树《昭昧詹言》)。它们一反一正,把终生忧虑与放情游乐的人生态度,鲜明地对立起来。

  诗人似乎早就料到,鼓吹这样的放荡之思,必会遭到世俗的非议。也并非不想享受,只是他们常抱着“苦尽甘来”的哲学,把人生有限的享乐,推延到遥远的未来。诗人则断然否定这种哲学:想要行乐就得“及时”,不能总等待来年。诗中没有说为何不能等待来年,其弦外之音,却让《古诗十九首》的另一首点着了:“人生忽如寄,寿无金石固”——谁也不知道“来兹”不会有个三长两短,突然成了“潜寐黄泉下,千载永不寤”的“陈死人”(《古诗十九首·驱车上东门》)。那时再思享乐,已经晚了。这就是在诗人世间“及时”行乐的旷达之语后面,所包含着的许多人生的痛苦体验。从这一点看,“惜费”者的终日汲汲无欢,只想着为子孙攒点财物,便显得格外愚蠢了。因为他们生时的“惜费”,无非养育了一批游手好闲的子孙。当这些不肖子孙挥霍无度之际.不可能会感激祖上的积德。也许他们倒会在背底里,嗤笑祖先的不会享福。“愚者爱惜费,但为后世嗤”二句,正如方廷珪所说:“直以一杯冷水,浇财奴之背”(《文选集成》)。其嘲讽辞气之尖刻,确有对愚者的“唤醒醉梦”之力。

  全诗抒写至此,笔锋始终还都针对着“惜费”者。只是到了结尾,才突然“倒卷反掉”,指向了人世的另一类追求:仰慕成仙者。对于神仙的企羡,从秦始皇到汉武帝,都干过许多蠢事。就是汉代的平民,也津津乐道于王子乔被神秘道士接上嵩山、终于乘鹤成仙的传说。在汉乐府中,因此留下了“王子乔,参驾白鹿云中遨。下游来,王子乔”的热切呼唤。但这种得遇神仙的期待,到了苦闷的汉末,也终于被发现只是一场空梦(见《古诗十九首·驱车上东门》:“服食求神仙,多为药所误。不如饮美酒,被服纨与素”)。所以,对于那些还在做着这类“成仙”梦的人,诗人便无须多费笔墨,只是借着嘲讽“惜费”者的余势,顺手一击,便就收束:“仙人王子乔,难可与等期!”这结语在全诗似乎逸出了主旨,一下子岔到了“仙人”身上,但诗人之本意,其实还在“唤醒”那些“惜费”者,即朱筠《古诗十九首说》指出的:“仙不可学,愈知愚费之不可惜矣”。只轻轻一击,即使慕仙者为之颈凉,又照应了前文“为乐当及时”之意:收结也依然是旷达而巧妙的。

  这样一首以放浪之语抒写“及时行乐”的奇思奇情之作,似乎确可将许多人们的人生迷梦“唤醒”;有些研究者因此将这类诗作,视为汉代“人性觉醒”的标志。但仔细想来,“常怀千岁忧”的“惜费”者固然愚蠢;但要说人生的价值就在于及时满足一已的纵情享乐,恐怕也未必是一种清醒的人生态度。实际上,这种态度,大抵是对于汉末社会动荡不安、人命危浅的苦闷生活的无力抗议。从毫无出路的下层人来说,又不过是从许多迷梦(诸如“功业”、“名利”之类)中醒来后,所做的又一个迷梦而已——他们不可能真能过上“被服纨与素”、“何不秉烛游”的享乐生活。所以,与其说这类诗表现了“人性之觉醒”,不如说是以旷达狂放之思,表现了人生毫无出路的痛苦。只要看一看文人稍有出路的建安时代,这种及时行乐的吟叹,很快又为悯伤民生疾苦、及时建功立业的慷慨之音所取代,就可以明白这一点。

佚名简介

唐代·佚名的简介


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