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《章台夜思》鉴赏_韦庄作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网
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《章台夜思》鉴赏

原文

清瑟怨遥夜,绕弦风雨哀。孤灯闻楚角,残月下章台。

芳草已云暮,故人殊未来。乡书不可寄,秋雁又南回。

赏析

  这首五言律诗是怀人思乡之作,大概是寄给越中家属的。

  首联借清瑟以写怀。泠泠二十五弦,每一发声,恰似凄风苦雨,绕弦杂沓而来。长夜漫漫,枯坐一室的诗人谛听着这样凄神寒骨的音乐,怎不倍感哀怨呢?瑟是古代的一种弹拨乐器,其声悲怨。相传“泰帝使素女鼓五十弦瑟,悲,帝禁不止,故破其瑟为二十五弦”(《汉书·郊祀志》)。古诗中,瑟是一个常见意象。多与别离之悲相联系。如钱起《归雁》“二十五弦弹夜月,不胜清怨却飞来”,是说瑟的音乐魅力使雁不胜清怨飞来了。古代别离、行旅、闺怨、边塞诗中,“瑟”与“雁”这两个意象,常常连带着出现。瑟曲中有《归雁操》,脱胎于湘灵鼓瑟之神话,即湘江女神为表达对死于苍梧的丈夫——舜的思念而鼓瑟。朱光潜先生说“写景必显,写情必隐”,这两句托伤情于瑟曲,此为隐;且诗人又用“怨”“哀”二字加以强调、凸显,使之为全篇定调。

  颔联以繁笔铺陈,用“孤灯”“楚角”“残月”“章台”等常见意象加以层层渲染,突出“夜思”之苦。上句是写诗人困守寓所,孤灯独坐,又听到苍凉悲切的“楚角”声,可以想见其内心该是怎样的酸楚!守城戍卒的思乡之曲极易勾起游子的乡愁。唐诗中,“角”与“雁”这两个意象亦常连带出现。如李涉《晚泊润州闻角》诗云“惊起暮天沙上雁,海门斜去两三行”,连江渚上的大雁都不忍闻此角声而惊飞,可见其声之凄恻!一样的,这一联竭力不提听者感受之如何,而径直以实景烘托——“残月下章台”,写一钩残月挂柳梢,那清幽、昏黄的光在地上筛下班驳的影子。诗人望月怀人,多么渴望能与亲人故旧团聚啊!残月未圆,更增几许凄凉。这一联对仗工稳,用词平易而有余味。“章台”是唐诗之通用意象,原为汉代京城长安街道名,街多柳树,唐时称为“章台柳”,以后章台成了“柳树”的代称。如李商隐《赠柳》:“章台从掩映,郢路更参差。”沈伯时《乐府指迷》说“炼句下语,最是紧要,如说桃,不可直说破桃,须用‘红雨’、‘刘郎’等字。如咏柳,不可直说破柳,须用‘章台’、‘灞岸’等字”,此说未免极端,但也说明隐喻是唐诗语言的一个鲜明特点。

  颈联点题,揭示所思的原因——“故人殊未来”。诗人用“芳草已云暮”起兴,衬托其守侯之苦。“云暮”,即“迟暮”之意。芳草绿了,又枯了;而故人依然久久未来,可见诗人的失落与怅惘。“芳草”亦是唐诗常见意象,多指代春天,或象征美好的青春等。韦庄诗常用“芳草”喻指美好时光之难永驻。如其《残花》诗云:“江头沉醉泥斜晖,却向花前痛哭归。惆怅一年春又去,碧云芳草两依依。”以碧云、芳草依依衬托美人迟暮,韶华不再。又如《台城》诗:“江雨霏霏江草齐,六朝如梦乌空啼。无情最是台城柳,依旧烟笼十里堤”,以江草依旧喻指沧海桑田、物是人非。“已”、“殊”两字形成鲜明对照,表达了诗人内心望穿秋水而不得的失落。

  尾联承“故人”一句递进一层,揭出思乡之苦。“殊未来”,长期不知“故人”音讯,凶吉未卜,于是他想到了写家书;可是山长水远,“乡书不可寄”,这就更添几分悲苦。结句以景收绾。“秋雁又南回”,点出时当冷落的清秋节,每每看那结伴南飞的大雁,诗人内心就不禁情潮翻涌,秋思百结。着一“又”字,说明这样郁郁寡欢的日子,他已过了多年,可是人在江湖,身不由己,他也无可奈何;这就将悲情推到了一个高潮。这两句意境,与李白的“鸿雁几时到,江湖秋水多”一样,空灵幽邈,含情无际。

  全诗擅用音乐造境,以景象寓情,前两联着意蓄势,曲尽其妙;后两联一吐衷肠,酣畅淋漓。俞陛云说此诗之佳处在“前半在神韵悠长,后半在笔势老健”,实为肯綮之言。

韦庄简介

唐代·韦庄的简介


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韦庄


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韦庄(约836年─910年),字端己,杜陵(今中国陕西省西安市附近)人,诗人韦应物的四代孙,唐朝花间派词人,词风清丽,有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相,谥文靖。

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