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《终南山》鉴赏_王维作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网
首页 > 诗文 > 终南山 > 鉴赏

《终南山》鉴赏

原文

太乙近天都,连山接海隅。

白云回望合,青霭入看无。

分野中峰变,阴晴众壑殊。

欲投人处宿,隔水问樵夫。

赏析

  艺术创作,贵在以个别显示一般,以不全求全,刘勰所谓“以少总多”,古代画论家所谓“意余于象”,都是这个意思。作为诗人兼画家的王维,很懂得此中奥秘,因而能用只有四十个字的一首五言律诗,为偌大一座终南山传神写照。

  首联“太乙近天都,连山接海隅”,先用夸张手法勾画了终南山的总轮廓。这个总轮廓,只能得之于遥眺,而不能得之于逼视。所以,这一联显然是写远景。

  “太乙”是终南山的别称。终南虽高,去天甚遥,说它“近天都”,当然是艺术夸张。但这是写远景,从平地遥望终南,其顶峰的确与天连接,因而说它“近天都”,正是以夸张写真实。“连山接海隅”也是这样。终南山西起甘肃天水,东止河南陕县,远远未到海隅。说它“接海隅”,固然不合事实,说它“与他山连接不断,直到海隅”,又何尝符合事实?然而这是写远景,从长安遥望终南,西边望不到头,东边望不到尾。用“连山接海隅”写终南远景,虽夸张而愈见真实。

  次联写近景,“白云回望合”一句,“回望”既与下句“入看”对偶,则其意为“回头望”,王维写的是入终南山而“回望”,望的是刚走过的路。诗人身在终南山中,朝前看,白云弥漫,看不见路,也看不见其他景物,仿佛再走几步,就可以浮游于白云的海洋;然而继续前进,白云却继续分向两边,可望而不可即;回头看,分向两边的白云又合拢来,汇成茫茫云海。这种奇妙的境界,凡有游山经验的人都并不陌生,而王维却能够只用五个字就表现得如此真切。

  “青霭入看无”一句,与上句“白云回望合”是“互文”,它们交错为用,相互补充。诗人走出茫茫云海,前面又是蒙蒙青霭,仿佛继续前进,就可以摸着那青霭了;然而走了进去,却不但摸不着,而且看不见;回过头去,那青霭又合拢来,蒙蒙漫漫,可望而不可即。

  这一联诗,写烟云变灭,移步换形,极富含蕴。即如终南山中千岩万壑,苍松古柏,怪石清泉,奇花异草,值得观赏的景物还多,一切都笼罩于茫茫“白云”、蒙蒙“青霭”之中,看不见,看不真切。唯其如此,才更令人神往,更急于进一步“入看”。另一方面,已经看见的美景仍然使人留恋,不能不“回望”,“回望”而“白云”、“青霭”俱“合”,则刚才呈现于眉睫之前的景物或笼以青纱,或裹以冰绡,由清晰而朦胧,由朦胧而隐没,更令人回味无穷。这一切,诗人都没有明说,但他却在已经勾画出来的“象”里为我们留下了驰聘想象的广阔天地。

  第三联高度概括,尺幅万里。首联写出了终南山的高和从西到东的远,这是从山北遥望所见的景象。至于终南从北到南的阔,则是用“分野中峰变”一句来表现。游山而有“分野中峰变”的认识,则诗人立足“中峰”,纵目四望之状已依稀可见。终南山东西之绵远如彼,南北之辽阔如此,只有立足于“近天都”的“中峰”,才能收全景于眼底;而“阴晴众壑殊”,就是尽收眼底的全景。所谓“阴晴众壑殊”,当然不是指“东边日出西边雨”,而是以阳光的或浓或淡、或有或无来表现千岩万壑千形万态。

  对于尾联,历来有不同的理解、不同的评价。有些人认为它与前三联不统一、不相称,从而持否定态度。王夫之辩解说:“‘欲投人处宿,隔水问樵夫’,则山之辽廓荒远可知,与上六句初无异致,且得宾主分明,非独头意识悬相描摹也。”(《姜斋诗话》卷二)沈德潜也说:“或谓末二句与通体不配。今玩其语意,见山远而人寡也,非寻常写景可比。”(《唐诗别裁》卷九)

  这些意见都不错,然而“玩其语意”,似乎还可以领会到更多的东西。第一,欲投人处宿”这个句子分明有个省略了的主语“我”,因而有此一句,便见得“我”在游山,句句有“我”,处处有“我”,以“我”观物,因景抒情。第二,“欲投人处宿”而要“隔水问樵夫”,则“我”还要留宿山中,明日再游,而山景之赏心悦目,诗人之避喧好静,也不难于言外得之。第三,诗人既到“中峰”,则“隔水问樵夫”的“水”实际上是深沟大涧;那么,他怎么会发现那个“樵夫”呢?“樵夫”必砍樵,就必然有树林,有音响。诗人寻声辨向,从“隔水”的树林里欣然发现樵夫的情景,不难想见。既有“樵夫”,则知不太遥远的地方必然有“人处”,因而问何处可以投宿,“樵夫”口答手指、诗人侧首遥望的情景,也不难想见。

  诗旨在咏叹终南山的宏伟壮大。首联写远景,以艺术的夸张,极言山之高远。颔联写近景,身在山中之所见,铺叙云气变幻,移步变形,极富含蕴。颈联进一步写山之南北辽阔和千岩万壑的千形万态。末联写为了入山穷胜,想投宿山中人家。“隔水”二字点出了作者“远望”的位置。全诗写景、写人、写物,动如脱兔,静若淑女,有声有色,意境清新、宛若一幅山水画。

  总起来看,这首诗的主要特点和优点是善于“以不全求全”,从而收到了“以少总多”、“意余于象”的艺术效果。

王维简介

唐代·王维的简介


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王维


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王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘,汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,非常多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。

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