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《闻都城渴雨时苦摊税》鉴赏_汤显祖作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《闻都城渴雨时苦摊税》鉴赏

原文

五风十雨亦为褒,薄夜焚香沾御袍。

当知雨亦愁抽税,笑语江南申渐高。

赏析

  《闻都城渴雨时苦摊税》是一首政治讽刺诗,诗歌巧妙用典,寓庄于谐,以轻松幽默之笔,写忧民之心。

  首句“五风十雨亦为褒”,用语含蓄,谓五风十雨原是古代对政绩的一种褒美之辞,如今“都城渴雨”,则政绩无由得见。言外之意,而今大旱是上苍对朝政混乱的怪罪。

  次句“薄夜焚香沾御袍”承首句,写神宗皇帝祈雨时的情景,皇帝夜间焚香祈雨,以致龙袍上都沾满了露水。乍看对神宗有赞美之意,诗人似乎是在恭维神宗皇帝,其实只是诗人欲抑先扬,明褒实贬的手法而已,诗人的揶揄之意十分明显。

  三四句笔锋陡转,引用典故,诗人借用申渐高的故事进一步讥评时弊,对神宗皇帝的祈雨进行了嘲讽。申渐高是五代时吴国乐工,当时关税很重,商人苦之,正逢都城大旱,中书令徐知诰问左右:“近郊颇得雨,都城不雨何也?”申渐高作谐语答曰:“雨畏抽税,不敢入京耳。”皇帝应该明白,雨也害怕抽税,一方面是装模作样,惺惺作态地薄夜焚香,另一方面却又巧立名目,对人民苛捐重税盘剥,横征暴敛,搜刮民脂民膏,显得是十分滑稽可笑。这正说明了上层统治集团的虚伪和无耻。神宗祈雨的虚伪,至此被揭露无遗。

  这首诗语意含蓄,用典贴切,讽刺性强,具有强烈的现实意义。

汤显祖简介

唐代·汤显祖的简介


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汤显祖


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汤显祖(1550—1616),中国明代戏曲家、文学家。字义仍,号海若、若士、清远道人。汉族,江西临川人。公元1583年(万历十一年)中进士,任太常寺博士、礼部主事,因弹劾申时行,降为徐闻典史,后调任浙江遂昌知县,又因不附权贵而免官,未再出仕。曾从罗汝芳读书,又受李贽思想的影响。在戏曲创作方面,反对拟古和拘泥于格律。作有传奇《牡丹亭》、《邯郸记》、《南柯记》、《紫钗记》,合称《玉茗堂四梦》,以《牡丹亭》最著名。在戏曲史上,和关汉卿、王实甫齐名,在中国乃至世界文学史上都有着重要的地位。

...〔 〕