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《南乡子·自古帝王州》鉴赏_王安石作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《南乡子·自古帝王州》鉴赏

原文

自古帝王州,郁郁葱葱佳气浮。四百年来成一梦,堪愁。晋代衣冠成古丘。

绕水恣行游。上尽层城更上楼。往事悠悠君莫问,回头。槛外长江空自流。

赏析

  此诗亦为王安石晚年谪居金陵,任江宁知府时所作。在表面的表达昔盛今衰之感的同时,把自己非常复杂的心境,也暗含于诗作之中。

  金陵城自古以来便是帝王之州,唐代刘禹锡曾作《西塞山怀古》一诗:“王睿楼船下益州,金陵王气黯然收。千寻铁锁沉江底,一片降幡出石头。”然而,王安石看到的与刘禹锡所见大不相同,这里是一片郁郁葱葱的王气正盛之地,佳气上浮。但那是晋代的事情,已经过去四百年了,晋代的白衣胜雪,衣冠之族,已经成为一座座古墓,回首往事的时候,这些是怎堪回首呀。末句借用李白《登金陵凤凰台》中的名句,表达的是同样的昔盛今衰的怅然之情。将自己的理想寄托在过去的时代里,这是诗歌中常用的写法,借此来表明自己对现实的不满,同时使诗歌具有一种“高古”的气象。

  作者独自一个人绕着江水边上行游,然后登上高楼。“绕水游”是排遣心中的愁绪或不平事的一种办法,在这里,作者借这种典型的动作来表现内心的无边愁绪。好在这种“绕水游”并不受外在任何事物的限制,可以“恣行”,随意地到处走走。但是,这是一种多么无奈的自由啊,王安石所追求的,是推行新法,实现强民富国的愿望,而现在,只能是“绕水游”而已,慨叹之声,达于纸上。古人在诗中所抒写的,常常不是“达则兼济天下”的顺境,而是“穷则独善其身的”逆境,但到底心还被“达”的愿望所牵绊,所以读这样的诗句的时候,要看出作者表面闲适的背后,是无穷的凄凉与热切的期盼。“上尽层楼”含有中国古代的“登高怀远”“登高而愁”的文化密码。从南北朝时期的王粲写《登楼赋》开始,这个动作就被赋予了思念故国之情。而唐代王之涣的一首《登鹳雀楼》则是从人生哲学意味上诠释了这一个典型的动作、典型的场景。在这里,作者是思念故国(首都)呢,还是“欲穷千里目”呢?通过上文的表面闲适与内心焦虑,我们可以看到他所思念的,正是重回故国,再造宏业;通过后文的回忆往事,我们又可以知道作者这时的心理是放弃思念故国的想法,而注重对往事的追寻,注意对往事从文化意义上进行思考;我们还可以认定,作者是想“登高望远”,而这里的“远”,不是空间上的,而是时间上的,表明作者独特的意趣和别具怀抱。国学大师陈寅恪曾说:“诗若只有一种解释便不是好诗。”一首真正的好诗,就是可以这样多方面地甚至地矛盾地刺激读者去思考,去与自己的人生体验结合起来,思考诗歌的同时,也思考人生的选择甚至人类的境遇。“更上楼”,不是上到楼的顶端再往上走,而是不断地一次又一次地登楼。往事悠悠而去了,你不要问我在想些什么,回头看过去的时候,只能看见窗外的长江,在日夜不息地向东流去。结句也是化用唐人诗句,王勃的《滕王阁诗》,作者在这里却别有怀抱:可以理解为,历史是无情的,就像东流之水,一直向前,或许人类所为的一切只是这水的片刻停留,没有太大的意义;也可以理解为,不论目前我的遭遇如何,但我所做的一切,都如长江水一般,是一种永恒的存在;或者联系《滕王阁诗》原文前一句:“阁中帝子今何在?”的反问,问当今的皇帝“今何在”,表达自己期待着重回朝廷的愿望。但似乎一切都不重要了,就像长江水,一直流着,流着。

王安石简介

唐代·王安石的简介


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王安石


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王安石(1021年12月18日-1086年5月21日),字介甫,号半山,谥文,封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族,北宋抚州临川人(今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人),中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家,唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石:“翰林风月三千首,吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在,后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅,词虽不多,但亦擅长,且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还。”

...〔 〕