Deprecated: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 6

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 123

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstempid - assumed 'newstempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 127

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant tempid - assumed 'tempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 137

Warning: Use of undefined constant showdate - assumed 'showdate' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 138

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 140

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 141

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2178

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2179

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2180

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2190

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2193

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant navfh - assumed 'navfh' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant checkdorepstr - assumed 'checkdorepstr' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/functions.php on line 368

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 228

Warning: Use of undefined constant dokey - assumed 'dokey' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 234

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 236

Warning: Use of undefined constant repkeynum - assumed 'repkeynum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyurl - assumed 'keyurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 298

Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 320

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 321

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 323

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant onclick - assumed 'onclick' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 326

Warning: Use of undefined constant userfen - assumed 'userfen' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 327

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 328

Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 330

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 336

Warning: Use of undefined constant userid - assumed 'userid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 338

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 340

Warning: Use of undefined constant plnum - assumed 'plnum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 341

Warning: Use of undefined constant totaldown - assumed 'totaldown' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 342

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/action/shang.php on line 343

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
《过华清宫》鉴赏_李贺作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网
首页 > 诗文 > 过华清宫 > 鉴赏

《过华清宫》鉴赏

原文

春月夜啼鸦,宫帘隔御花。

云生朱络暗,石断紫钱斜。

玉碗盛残露,银灯点旧纱。

蜀王无近信,泉上有芹芽。

赏析

  这是一首讽刺诗。诗人从各个角度,描绘昔日繁华富丽的华清宫而今荒凉破败的景象,暗寓讽刺和感喟之意。首句写华清宫春夜的凄凉可怖气氛。在月色明媚的春夜,当年华清宫车马合背,宫女如云,灯烛辉煌,歌吹沸天。中唐诗人韦应物这样描写:“玉林瑶雪满寒山,上昇玄阁游绛烟。平明羽卫朝万国,车马合背溢四鄽。蒙恩每浴华池水,扈猎不蹂渭北田。朝廷无事共欢宴,美人丝管从九天。”何等盛况,何等排场。然而,“繁华事散逐轻尘。”(杜牧《金谷园》)而今唯有一轮清冷的春月,照着这荒无人迹的宫苑;从黑黝黝的丛林里,传来阵阵寒鸦的哀鸣。一片凄凉冷落。次句写诗人隔着积满尘土的窗帘,看到宫花仍旧迎春盛开。但无人观赏,显得那样寂寞悲苦。颔联写诗人俯仰所见之景。仰看宫檐,一团团云雾从檐下防鸟雀的红色网络间涌出;俯看御阶,石块在多年风雨剥蚀下已经残破断裂,紫色钱形的苔藓欹斜横生。以上四句,都是诗人眼前所见的实景。颈联境界一变。诗人为使讽刺的意蕴更加尖刻,发挥大胆的想象力,巧妙地创造出亦实亦虚、亦真亦幻的景物意象。“玉椀”是实物。宫殿荒废已久,案上玉椀犹在。椀里即使原先盛满美酒,也早已挥发净尽了。而诗人却设想玉椀里至今仍剩有残酒没有喝完,仿佛还在散发出醉人的芳香。说“残露”而不说“残酒”,含蓄委婉,暗用汉武帝造仙人承露盘以求仙露的典故,隐寓讽意。宫灯也是实物。但灯油或蜡烛决不可能一直燃点不熄。诗人竟想象宫灯还在亮着,昏黄的灯光映照着灯上的旧纱。(“点”作点污解亦可通。但仍是写实,意蕴较浅。)这两笔非常精妙绝伦。诗人从实象中创构出虚幻的意象,并借助这虚幻荒诞的意象,将李隆基惊闻“渔阳鼙鼓动地来”后慌忙出逃的狼狈情状讽刺得淋漓尽致。

  尾联的讽刺意味更加强烈。“蜀王”指李隆基。唐玄宗逃避入蜀,故称之,而帝不称帝,其意自明。又说他“无近信”,即逃跑之后便毫无信息,对社稷危亡和百姓的苦难不闻不问,无所作为,连帝位也被儿子李亨夺了。这又是绝妙的嘲讽和大胆的揭露。旧时代的注家对李贺嘲笑本朝皇帝为“蜀王”这一点,或有意曲解,或予以指责。比如姚文燮说:“蜀王本梁王愔也,贞观十年徙蜀,好游数畋弋猎,帝怒,遂削封。贺当春夜过此,追诮之。”(《昌谷集注》卷一)他们的歪曲和指斥,更说明李贺反封建的叛逆精神的可贵。结句同上句联系起来看,颇为纤曲,意思是说:玄宗刚奔蜀之时,华清池上便已经长满了水芹;何况历久经年,玄宗再也不来临幸,泉上水芹又在春天里萌发出嫩绿的新芽了。这个结尾,以景结情,即小见大,既表现出华清宫的凄冷、荒寂,又寄寓了诗人“黍离麦秀”之感慨,有言外之意,故颇为方扶南等注家赞赏。

  《过华清宫》在艺术表现上的显著特色,是意象的组合。全诗八句,仅第七句“蜀王无近信”为托事寓讽,其余七句都是意象的直接呈示。每句以动词联系两个意象合成一个画面镜头。一个个镜头跳跃而出,有远景、中景,也有近景、特写;有实景,也有虚幻之景。它们之间似无联系,也无次序,忽此忽彼,使人眼花缭乱。全篇所写的空间范围是华清宫,其时间范围却包括今与昔,明写今日,暗示往昔。即以写今来说,时间范围也不是特定、确实的。首句点明写“春月夜”,其余各句很难说是写夜景。在这荒山古殿,即使有月亮,诗人也不可能历历分明地见到隔着宫帘的春花、朱络上的云雾、断石上紫色的苔钱、玉椀银灯,还有温泉上初萌的小小芹芽。显然,诗人在描写时根本不考虑特定时间的限制。在李贺的诗歌中,时间和空间经常是错综交织的。也就是说,诗的意象及其组合常常是超越时间和空间的界限而自由地跳跃,不受约束,不拘常法。诗人所遵守的是心理时空而不是物理时空。夜晚与白昼景色的反复变换,使诗境更加迷离恍惚。这正是李贺诗独特的风格和艺术魅力。但这首诗意象组合虽突兀奇谲,却仍有着一条内在的思想感情线索在串连着,这就是通过渲染华清宫荒凉冷落的环境氛围,讽刺“蜀王”李隆基,并抒发诗人对唐王朝的昔盛今衰之感。明人李东阳《麓堂诗话》评李贺诗“通篇读之,有山节藻棁一无梁栋,知非大厦也。”指出李贺诗多绮艳的意象片断而缺乏完整的艺术构思。这一看法是中肯的,却不能一概而论。《过华清宫》意象是跳跃的,却非“百家锦衲”的拼凑,而是诗人用讽刺寄慨的针线编织成的一件璀灿闪光的“金缕玉衣”。

  由于意象的直接呈示及其跳跃式的组合,意象之间不必用虚词连接,也省略了交代、解释、联系的笔墨,使这首诗显得格外凝炼简约,言少而意丰。诗中用词准确、新鲜、奇峭。如“紫钱斜”的“斜”字,真实地写出诗人俯视石阶见到紫色苔藓斜复于断石上的直觉印象,“点”字则大胆地传达了诗人的主观幻觉。中间两联,用暗淡的“朱”、深浓的“紫”同明亮夺目的“玉”色“银”光相互映衬,也体现李贺诗歌色彩冷艳的特色。

李贺简介

唐代·李贺的简介


Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 110

Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 111

Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 111

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 111
李贺


Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 116
李贺(约公元791年-约817年),字长吉,汉族,唐代河南福昌(今河南洛阳宜阳县)人,家居福昌昌谷,后世称李昌谷,是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称,是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人,与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才,长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后,中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤,焦思苦吟的生活方式,元和八年(813年)因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷,27岁英年早逝。

...〔 〕