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《一剪梅·余赴广东实之夜饯于风亭》鉴赏_刘克庄作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网

《一剪梅·余赴广东实之夜饯于风亭》鉴赏

原文

束缊宵行十里强。挑得诗囊,抛了衣囊。天寒路滑马蹄僵,元是王郎,来送刘郎。

酒酣耳热说文章。惊倒邻墙,推倒胡床。旁观拍手笑疏狂。疏又何妨,狂又何妨?

赏析

  这是一首抒写与友饯别的令词。全篇表达了词人傲视世俗的耿介个性,是他主动向社会发动“攻击”的狂放表现。语极夸张,情极大胆,豪爽、超迈,淋漓酣畅。

  上片写临行前的情景——刘克庄连夜起程,王迈为其送行。先写自己将在天亮之前拿着火把,走十多里的路,不可背负过重,便把衣囊抛弃,只挑着诗囊上路。豪爽的性格与嗜诗如命的心情于此可见。“宵行”已露旅途之苦。

  起句“束缊宵行十里强”,开门见山地描写连夜而行的情状。一枝火把引路,来到十里长亭,点出饯别之意。

  “挑得诗囊,抛了衣囊。”表现了书生本色,诗囊里都是他的心血结晶,自然不肯轻易抛掉。诗囊里装着他的诗篇,也装着他的一腔豪情满腹抑郁。

  “天寒”三句,先从自然条件的恶劣写旅途之艰苦,再点友人相送之谊。“天寒路滑马蹄僵”,一个“僵”字,写尽了艰苦之状。虽在说马,但行人颠簸于马背,冒着寒风,艰难赶路的情景,已跃然纸上。“王郎”送“刘郎”,用典巧妙。“王郎”暗指友人系“王谢”望族之后,而“刘郎”则为被贬谪者的代称。

  下片写饯别情景。二人分手在即,却并不伤别感慨,而是痛饮酒酣,豪情满怀,谈文论诗,睥睨世俗,狂放不羁。二人高谈阔论,以致惊动了东邻西舍。词人曾以《落梅》诗受谤免官,他对此十分不平,所以最后三句写道:当别人笑他疏狂时,他满不在乎地回答他们,并不以疏狂为意。这正是对当时束缚思想的、严酷的礼法制度的挑战和抗议。

  “酒酣耳热说文章”,从结构上说,是上片情节的结局。又是可作为下片的开端,顺势翻出新的情节,安排颇显匠心。“酒酣耳热”表现了酒逢知己的欢乐,同时又是词人热情奋发,兴会正浓的时刻。词人避开朋友间碰杯换盏的次要情节,而径直写出“说文章”的一幕,可谓善于剪裁。“说文章”极含蓄地暗示他们对时事的评论、理想的抒发,以及对忧愤的倾泄。

  王实之秉性刚直,豪气干云人称子昂、太白。刘克庄也是言谈雄豪,刚直无畏。“惊倒邻墙,推倒胡床”两句,正是他们这种英豪气质的形象表现。前句写客观反响,后句写人物举动。两个狂士捋袖豁拳,乘着酒兴指点江山,语惊四座,全无顾忌,邻座惊傻观者竖发,全与我无关。这种形象的夸饰淋漓尽致地张扬了二人的豪气。

  “旁观拍手笑疏狂”,作者设想,若有旁观者在此,必定拍手笑我二人疏狂。“拍手笑”是一种不被他人理解的表现,对狂者来说不足惧,倒起着反衬作用。刘克庄与王实之在志士受压、报国无门的时代,将心头的积郁,化为激烈的言词、不平常的行动,自然会被称为“疏狂”。“疏又何妨,狂又何妨!”态度明确坚定,可谓狂上加狂,雄放恣肆,豪情动人。有此一句,通篇振起。

  这首词体现了刘克庄词风雄伟豪放的一面,也反映出他继承了辛弃疾的革新精神,同时又发展了词的散文化、议论化的特点。

刘克庄简介

唐代·刘克庄的简介


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刘克庄


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刘克庄(1187~1269) 南宋诗人、词人、诗论家。字潜夫,号后村。福建莆田人。宋末文坛领袖,辛派词人的重要代表,词风豪迈慷慨。在江湖诗人中年寿最长,官位最高,成就也最大。晚年致力于辞赋创作,提出了许多革新理论。

...〔 〕