《石壕吏》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜甫
暮投石壕村，有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墙走，老妇出门看。
译文：日暮时投宿石壕村，夜里有差役来强征兵。老翁越墙逃走，老妇出门应付。
注释：暮：傍晚。投：投宿。石壕村：现名干壕村，在今河南陕县东七十里。吏：官吏，低级官员，这里指抓壮丁的差役。夜：时间名词作状语，在夜里。逾：越过；翻过。走：跑，这里指逃跑。
吏呼一何怒，妇啼一何苦。听妇前致词，三男邺城戍。
译文：差役喊叫得是那样凶狠，老妇人啼哭得是那样悲伤。我听到老妇上前说：“我的三个儿子去参加邺城之战。
注释：呼：诉说，叫喊。一何：何其、多么。怒：恼怒，凶猛，粗暴，这里指凶狠。啼：哭啼。苦：凄苦。前致词：指老妇走上前去（对差役）说话。前，上前，向前。致，对……说。邺城：即相州，在今河南安阳。戍：防守，这里指服役。
一男附书至，二男新战死。存者且偷生，死者长已矣。
译文：其中一个儿子捎信回来，说另外两个儿子刚刚战死。活着的人姑且活一天算一天，死去的人就永远不会复生了！
注释：附书至：捎信回来。书，书信。至，回来。新：刚刚。存：活着，生存着。且偷生：姑且活一天算一天。且，姑且，暂且。偷生，苟且活着。长已矣：永远完了。已，停止，这里引申为完结。
室中更无人，惟有乳下孙。有孙母未去，出入无完裙。
译文：老妇我家里再也没有其他的人了，只有个正在吃奶的小孙子。因为有小孙子在，他母亲还没有离去，但进进出出连一件完好的衣裳都没有。
注释：室中：家中。更无人：再没有别的（男）人了。更，再。惟：只，仅。乳下孙：正在吃奶的孙子。未：还没有。去：离开，这里指改嫁。完裙：完整的衣服。“有孙”两句一作“孙母未便出，见吏无完裙”。
老妪力虽衰，请从吏夜归。急应河阳役，犹得备晨炊。
译文：老妇虽然年老力衰，但请允许我跟从你连夜赶回营去。赶快到河阳去应征，还能够为部队准备早餐。”
注释：老妪：老妇人。衰：弱。请从吏夜归：请让我和你晚上一起回去。请，请求。从，跟从，跟随。急应河阳役：赶快到河阳去服役。应，响应。河阳，今河南孟州，当时唐王朝官兵与叛军在此对峙。犹得：还能够。得，能够。备：准备。晨炊：早饭。
夜久语声绝，如闻泣幽咽。天明登前途，独与老翁别。
译文：夜深了，说话的声音逐渐消失，隐隐约约听到低微断续的哭泣声。天亮后我继续赶路，只能与返回家中的那个老翁告别。
注释：夜久：夜深了。绝：断绝；停止。如：好像，仿佛。闻：听。泣幽咽：低微断续的哭声。有泪无声为“泣”，哭声哽塞低沉为“咽”。明：天亮之后。登前途：踏上前行的路。登，踏上。前途，前行的道路。独：唯独、只有。
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杜甫《
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石壕吏》
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韩愈《
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左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。