《新丰折臂翁》翻译及注释
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唐代：白居易
新丰老翁八十八，头鬓眉须皆似雪。
译文：新丰有个八十八岁的老人，头发、胡子、眉毛全都像雪一样白。
注释：新丰：县名。故城在今陕西临潼县东北。
玄孙扶向店前行，左臂凭肩右臂折。
译文：他的右臂已经断了，只得将左臂搭在他玄孙的肩上，由他的玄孙扶着向店前走来。
注释：玄孙：孙子的孙子。左臂凭肩：左臂扶在玄孙肩上。
问翁臂折来几年，兼问致折何因缘。
译文：我问他右臂折断有多久了，又问他是因何折断的。
注释：来：以来。致：招致。因缘：缘故
翁云贯属新丰县，生逢圣代无征战。
译文：他说：“我的籍贯就在新丰县，我出生在太平盛世，没有遭遇过战争。
注释：圣代：圣明时代。折臂翁大概生于开元中期，并在开元后期度过青少年阶段。开元时期，社会比较安定，经济繁荣，故称“圣代”。
惯听梨园歌管声，不识旗枪与弓箭。
译文：经常欣赏梨园子弟的歌唱演奏，连什么是旗枪和弓箭都不知道。
注释：梨园：玄宗时宫庭中教习歌舞的机构。新丰是骊山华清官所在地，所以老翁能听到宫中飘出的音乐。
无何天宝大征兵，户有三丁点一丁。
译文：谁知不久就赶上了天宝年间朝廷的大征兵，有三个成年男子的家庭，就要抽取一个当兵。
注释：无何：无几何时，不久。
点得驱将何处去，五月万里云南行。
译文：抽取这些壮丁以后，要驱赶着他们去哪儿呢？要在五月里远征万里之外的云南。
注释：云南：此处指南诏。
闻道云南有泸水，椒花落时瘴烟起。
译文：听说云南有一条泸水，夏季椒花凋谢之时，泸水就会烟瘴弥漫。
注释：泸水：今雅砻江下游及金沙江会合雅砻江以后的一段江流。瘴烟：即瘴气，中国南部和西南部地区山林间因湿热蒸发而产生的一种能致人疾病的气体。
大军徒涉水如汤，未过十人二三死。
译文：大军徒步渡河的时候，河水会热得像滚汤一样，渡不过十个人就会有二三个死掉。
注释：徒涉：蹦水步行。汤：滚开的水。
村南村北哭声哀，儿别爷娘夫别妻。
译文：当时村里到处都是儿子告别爹娘、丈夫告别妻子那哀痛的哭声。
皆云前后征蛮者，千万人行无一回。
译文：大家都说，前后几次远征云南的人足有千千万万，却没有一个能活着回来！
是时翁年二十四，兵部牒中有名字。
译文：我那年二十四岁，名字也在兵部征兵的名册之中。
注释：兵部：唐尚书省六部之一，主管中央及地方武官的选用、考查，以及有关兵籍、军械、军令等事宜。牒：文书。此处指征兵的名册。
夜深不敢使人知，偷将大石捶折臂。
译文：我不敢让人知道，趁着夜深的时候，偷偷地用一块大石头捶断了自己的右臂。
注释：将：介词，以，用。捶：敲击。
张弓簸旗俱不堪，从兹始免征云南。
译文：于是，我就因为既不能拉弓也不能摇旗，得以避免被远征云南。
注释：簸：摇动。
骨碎筋伤非不苦，且图拣退归乡土。
译文：我不是感觉不到伤筋碎骨的痛苦，只是希望能够在选征兵丁时被淘汰，从而留在家乡。
注释：且图：苟且图得。
此臂折来六十年，一肢虽废一身全。
译文：这条胳膊已经折断了六十年，我虽然残废了一肢，但保全了性命。
注释：此臂折来：一作“臂折以来”。
至今风雨阴寒夜，直到天明痛不眠。
译文：如今每逢刮风下雨的寒夜，我的断臂都使我疼得彻夜难眠。
痛不眠，终不悔，且喜老身今独在。
译文：但我不但不后悔，还为自己能够活到现在而欣喜。
不然当时泸水头，身死魂孤骨不收。
译文：否则我也会死在泸水旁，连尸骨都没人收。
应作云南望乡鬼，万人冢上哭呦呦。
译文：只能成为身死云南的望乡鬼，在万人坟里呦呦地哭号。
注释：万人冢：作者自注说，云南有万人冢，在鲜于仲通。李宓军队覆没的地方。呦呦：形容鬼哭的声音。
老人言，君听取。
译文：这个老人的话，你一定要认真地听一听。
君不闻开元宰相宋开府，不赏边功防黩武。
译文：你难道没听说过，开元年间的宰相宋璟，为了避免边将穷兵黩武而不赏边疆的战功？
注释：宋开府：指宋璟（jǐng），开元时贤相，后改授开府仪同三司。
又不闻天宝宰相杨国忠，欲求恩幸立边功。
译文：你难道也没听说过，天宝年间的宰相杨国忠，为了得到皇帝的恩宠而鼓励征战？
注释：杨国忠：公元752年（天宝十一载）拜相。
边功未立生人怨，请问新丰折臂翁。
译文：等不到建立战功，人民就会怨恨四起，若是不信，就请问问新丰的折臂老人吧。
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方苞《
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左忠毅公逸事》
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白居易《
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池上二绝》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。