《垂老别》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜甫
四郊未宁静，垂老不得安。子孙阵亡尽，焉用身独完。
译文：四野的战争还没得到安平，我已经老了却得不到安宁。子孙们在战场上尽都殉难，兵荒马乱又何需老命苟全。
注释：四郊：指京城四周之地。垂老：将老。焉用：犹哪用。身独完：独自活下去。完，全，即活。
投杖出门去，同行为辛酸。幸有牙齿存，所悲骨髓干。
译文：扔掉拐杖出门去拼搏一番，同行的人也为我流泪辛酸。庆幸牙齿完好胃口还不减，悲伤身骨瘦如柴枯槁不堪。
注释：投杖：扔掉拐杖。骨髓干：形容筋骨衰老。
男儿既介胄，长揖别上官。老妻卧路啼，岁暮衣裳单。
译文：男儿既披戴盔甲从戎征战，也只好长揖不拜辞别长官。听到老伴睡路上声声哀唤，严冬腊月仍然是裤薄衣单。
注释：介胄：犹甲胄，铠甲和头盔。长揖：不分尊卑的相见礼，拱手高举，自上而下。上官：指地方官吏。岁暮：年底。
孰知是死别，且复伤其寒。此去必不归，还闻劝加餐。
译文：明知道死别最后一次见面，贫贱夫妻怎么不怜她饥寒。今朝离去永不能回返家园，犹听她再三劝我努力加餐。
注释：孰知：即熟知，深知。加餐：多进饮食。
土门壁甚坚，杏园度亦难。势异邺城下，纵死时犹宽。
译文：土门关深沟高垒防守坚严，杏园镇天险足恃偷渡实难。形势变不比当年邺城之战，纵然是死去时间也有宽限。
注释：土门：即土门口，在今河阳孟县附近，是当时唐军防守的重要据点。壁：壁垒。杏园：在今河南汲县东南，为当时唐军防守的重要据点。势异：形势不同。
人生有离合，岂择衰老端。忆昔少壮日，迟回竟长叹。
译文：人生世上都有个离合悲欢，哪管你饥寒交迫衰老病残！想以前少壮年华国泰民安，竟不免徘徊踟蹰长吁短叹。
注释：岂择：岂能选择。端：端绪、思绪。迟回：徘徊。竟：终。
万国尽征戍，烽火被冈峦。积尸草木腥，流血川原丹。
译文：普天下应征入伍戒备森严，战争的烽火已弥漫了岗峦。尸骸积山一草一木变腥膻，流血漂杵河流平原都红遍。
注释：被冈峦：布满山冈。丹：红。流血多，故川原染红。
何乡为乐土，安敢尚盘桓。弃绝蓬室居，塌然摧肺肝。
译文：战火遍地何处觅人间乐园，勤王杀敌又岂敢犹豫盘桓。毅然地抛弃茅棚奔赴前线，天崩地裂真叫人摧断肺肝！
注释：盘桓：留恋不忍离去。蓬室：茅屋。塌然：形容肝肠寸断的样子。摧肺肝：形容极度悲痛。
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陈维崧《
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贺新郎·纤夫词》
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杜甫《
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新婚别》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。