《介之推不言禄》翻译及注释
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先秦：左丘明
晋侯赏从亡者，介之推不言禄，禄亦弗及。
译文： 晋侯赏从亡者，介之推不言禄，禄()亦弗及。 晋文公赏赐跟着他逃亡的人们，介之推不去要求禄赏，而（晋文公）赐禄赏时也没有考虑到他。
注释： 晋侯：指晋文公，即重耳。他逃亡在外，在秦国的帮助下回晋继承君位。赏：赐有功也。从亡者：从文公出亡在外之臣，如狐偃、赵衰之属。介之推：亦从亡之臣。晋文公臣子，曾割自己腿上的肉以食文公。
推曰：“献公之子九人，唯君在矣。惠、怀无亲，外内弃之。天未绝晋，必将有主。主晋祀者，非君而谁？天实置之，而二三子以为己力，不亦诬乎？窃人之财，犹谓之盗。况贪天之功，以为己力乎？下义其罪，上赏其奸。上下相蒙，难与处矣。”
译文： 介之推说：“献公的儿子有九个，现在惟独国君还在（人世）。惠公、怀公没有亲信，（国）内外都抛弃他们。天没有（打算）灭绝晋，（所以）必定会有君主。主持晋国祭祀的人，不是君王又是谁呢？上天实际已经安排好了的，而跟随文公逃亡的人却认为是自己的贡献，（这）不是欺骗吗？偷窃别人的钱财，都说是盗窃。更何况贪图天的功劳，将其作为自己的贡献呢？下面的（臣子）将罪当做道义，上面的（国君）对（这）奸诈（的人）给予赏赐。上下互相欺瞒，难以和他们相处啊。”
注释： 献公：重耳之父晋献公。惠、怀：惠公，怀公。惠公是文公重耳的弟弟，是怀公的父亲。置：立。二三子：相当于“那几个人”，指跟随文公逃亡诸臣。子是对人的美称。诬：欺骗。下义其罪：义，善也。言贪天之功，在人为犯法，而下反以为善也。上赏其奸：奸，伪也。言贪天之功在国为伪，而上反以此赐也。蒙：欺骗。
其母曰：“盍亦求之？以死谁怼？”
译文： 他的母亲说：“你为什么不也去要求赏赐呢？（否则）这样（贫穷地）死去（又能去）埋怨谁呢？”
注释： 盍：何不。怼：怨恨。
对曰：“尤而效之，罪又甚焉！且出怨言，不食其食。”
译文： 回答说：“（既然）斥责这种行为是罪过而又效仿它，罪更重啊！况且说出埋怨的话了，（以后）不应吃他的俸禄了。”
注释： 尤：罪过。
其母曰：“亦使知之，若何？”
译文： 他的母亲说：“也让国君知道这事，好吗？”
注释：
对曰：“言，身之文也。身将隐，焉用文之？是求显也。”
译文： 回答说：“言语，是身体的装饰。身体将要隐居了，还要装饰它吗？这样是乞求显贵啊。”
注释： 文：花纹，装饰。言人之有言，所以文饰其身。
其母曰：“能如是乎？与汝偕隐。”遂隐而死。
译文： 他的母亲说：“（你）能够这样做吗？（那么我）和你一起隐居。”便（一直）隐居到死去。
注释：
晋侯求之，不获，以绵上（地名）为之田。曰：“以志吾过，且旌善人。”
译文： 晋文公没有找到他，便用绵上作为他的祭田。说：“用它来记下我的过失，并且表彰善良的人。”
注释： 绵上：地名，在今山西介休县南、沁源县西北的介山之下。田：祭田。志：记载。旌：表彰。
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左丘明《
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寺人披见文公》
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佚名《
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杜蒉扬觯》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。