《超然台记》翻译及注释
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宋代：苏轼
凡物皆有可观。苟有可观，皆有可乐，非必怪奇伟丽者也。
译文： 任何事物都有可观赏的地方。如有可观赏的地方，那么都可使人有快乐，不必一定要是怪异、新奇、雄伟、瑰丽的景观。
注释： 凡物皆有可观，省略“者”即可观者，值得观赏的地方。
哺糟啜醨皆可以醉；果蔬草木，皆可以饱。推此类也，吾安往而不乐？
译文： 吃酒糟、喝薄酒，都可以使人醉，水果蔬菜草木，都可以充饥。以此类推，我到哪儿会不快乐呢？
注释： 哺：吃。啜：喝。醨：米酒。醉：使······醉。饱：使······饱。吾安往而不乐，即“吾往安而不乐”。而，表承接。
夫所为求褔而辞祸者，以褔可喜而祸可悲也。人之所欲无穷，而物之可以足吾欲者有尽，美恶之辨战乎中，而去取之择交乎前。则可乐者常少，而可悲者常多。是谓求祸而辞褔。夫求祸而辞褔，岂人之情也哉？物有以盖之矣。彼游于物之内，而不游于物之外。物非有大小也，自其内而观之，未有不高且大者也。彼挟其高大以临我，则我常眩乱反复，如隙中之观斗，又焉知胜负之所在。是以美恶横生，而忧乐出焉，可不大哀乎！
译文： 人们之所以要追求幸福，避开灾祸，因为幸福可使人欢喜，而灾祸却使人悲伤。人的欲望是无穷的，而能满足我们欲望的东西却是有限的。如果美好和丑恶的区别在胸中激荡，选取和舍弃的选择在眼前交织，那么能使人快活的东西就很少了，而令人悲哀的事就很多，这叫做求祸避福。追求灾祸，躲避幸福，难道是人们的心愿吗？这是外物蒙蔽人呀！他们这些人局限在事物之中，而不能自由驰骋在事物之外；事物本无大小之别，如果人拘于从它内部来看待它，那么没有一物不是高大的。它以高大的形象横在我们面前，那么我常常会眼花缭乱反复不定了，就象在缝隙中看人争斗，又哪里能知道谁胜谁负呢？因此，心中充满美好和丑恶的区别，忧愁也就由此产生了；这不令人非常悲哀吗！
注释： 求褔而辞祸，“而”表并列，并且。求褔而辞祸者。者：……的原因。而物之可以足吾欲者有尽：而可以足吾欲之物者有尽，译为“但是能满足我们欲望的东西却是有限的”。岂：难道。情：心愿。有以：可以用来。盖：蒙蔽。焉：哪里。横：意外发生。
余自钱塘移守胶西，释舟楫之安，而服车马之劳；去雕墙之美，而蔽采椽之居；背湖山之观，而适桑麻之野。始至之日，岁比不登，盗贼满野，狱讼充斥；而斋厨索然，日食杞菊。人固疑余之不乐也。处之期年，而貌加丰，发之白者，日以反黑。予既乐其风俗之淳，而其吏民亦安予之拙也。于是治其园圃，洁其庭宇，伐安丘、高密之木，以修补破败，为苟全之计。
译文： 我从杭州调移到密州任知州，放弃了乘船的舒适快乐，而承受坐车骑马的劳累；放弃墙壁雕绘的华美漂亮的住宅，而蔽身在粗木造的屋舍里；远离杭州湖光山色的美景，来到桑麻丛生的荒野。刚到之时，连年收成不好，盗贼到处都有，案件也多不胜数；而厨房里空荡无物，每天都以野菜充饥，人们一定都怀疑我会不快乐。可我在这里住了一年后，面腴体丰，头发白的地方，也一天天变黑了。我既喜欢这里风俗的淳朴，这里的官吏百姓也习惯了我的愚拙无能。于是，在这里修整花园菜圃，打扫干净庭院屋宇，砍伐安丘、高密的树木，用来修补破败的房屋，以便勉强度日。
注释： 而：表承接，随后。焉：于此。背：远离。比：连续，常常。登：丰收。苟全：大致完备。
而园之北，因城以为台者旧矣，稍葺而新之。时相与登览，放意肆志焉。南望马耳、常山，出没隐见，若近若远，庶几有隐君子乎！而其东则庐山，秦人卢敖之所从遁也。西望穆陵，隐然如城郭，师尚父、齐桓公之遗烈，犹有存者。北俯潍水，慨然太息，思淮阴之功，而吊其不终。台高而安，深而明，夏凉而冬温。雨雪之朝，风月之夕，予未尝不在，客未尝不从。撷园蔬，取池鱼，酿秫酒，瀹脱粟而食之，曰：“乐哉游乎！"
译文： 在园子的北面，靠着城墙筑起的高台已经很旧了，稍加整修，让它焕然一新。我不时和大家一起登台观览，在那儿尽情游玩。从台上向南望去，马耳、常山时隐时现，有时似乎很近，有时又似乎很远，或许有隐士住在那里吧？台的东面就是卢山，秦人卢敖就是在那里隐遁的。向西望去是穆陵关，隐隐约约象一道城墙，姜太公、齐桓公的英雄业绩，尚有留存。向北俯视潍水，不禁慨叹万分，想起了淮阴侯韩信的赫赫战功，又哀叹他不得善终。这台虽然高，但却非常安稳；这台上居室幽深，却又明亮，夏凉冬暖。雨落雪飞的早晨，风清月明的夜晚，我没有不在那里的，朋友们也没有不在这里跟随着我的。我们采摘园子里的蔬菜，钓取池塘里的游鱼，酿高粱酒，煮糙米，大家一边吃一面赞叹：“多么快活的游乐啊！”
注释： 葺（qì）：原指用茅草覆盖房子，后泛指修理房屋。庶几：表希望或推测。遗烈：前辈留下来的功业。撷（xié）：摘下，取下。秫（shú）：黏高粱，可以做烧酒。有的地区就指高粱。瀹（yuè）：煮。
方是时，予弟子由，适在济南，闻而赋之，且名其台曰“超然”，以见余之无所往而不乐者，盖游于物之外也。
译文： 这个时候，我的弟弟苏辙字子由恰好在济南做官，听说了这件事，写了一篇文章，并且给这个台子取名“超然”，以说明我之所以到哪儿都快乐的原因，大概就是在于我的心能超乎事物之外啊！
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柳宗元《
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愚溪诗序》
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刘启《
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景帝令二千石修职诏》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。