《季札观周乐》翻译及注释
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先秦：左丘明
吴公子札来聘。……请观于周乐。使工为之歌《周南》、《召南》，曰：“美哉！始基之矣，犹未也，然勤而不怨矣。为之歌《邶》、《鄘》、《卫》，曰：“美哉，渊乎！忧而不困者也。吾闻卫康叔、武公之德如是，是其《卫风》乎？”为之歌《王》曰：“美哉！思而不惧，其周之东乎！”为之歌《郑》，曰：“美哉！其细已甚，民弗堪也。是其先亡乎！”为之歌《齐》，曰：“美哉，泱泱乎！大风也哉！表东海者，其大公乎？国未可量也。”为之歌《豳》，曰：“美哉，荡乎！乐而不淫，其周公之东乎？”为之歌《秦》，曰：“此之谓夏声。夫能夏则大，大之至也，其周之旧乎！”为之歌《魏》，曰：“美哉，渢渢乎！大而婉，险而易行，以德辅此，则明主也！”为之歌《唐》，曰：“思深哉！其有陶唐氏之遗民乎？不然，何忧之远也？非令德之后，谁能若是？”为．之歌《陈》，曰：“国无主，其能久乎！”自《郐》以下无讥焉！
译文： 吴国公子季札前来鲁国访问……请求观赏周朝的音乐和舞蹈。鲁国人让乐工为他歌唱《周南》和《召南》。季礼说：“美好啊！教化开始奠基了，但还没有完成，然而百姓辛劳而不怨恨了。”乐工为他歌唱们《邶风》、《庸风》和《卫风》。季礼说：“美好啊，多深厚啊！虽然有忧思，却不至于困窘。我听说卫国的康叔、武公的德行就像这个样子，这大概是《卫风》吧！”乐工为他歌唱《王风》。季札说：“美好啊！有忧思却没有恐惧，这大概是周室东迁之后的乐歌吧！”乐工为他歌唱《郑风》。季札说：“美好啊！但它烦琐得太过分了，百姓忍受不了。这大概会最先亡国吧。”乐工为他歌唱《齐风》。季礼说：“美好啊，宏大而深远，这是大国的乐歌啊！可以成为东海诸国表率的，大概就是太公的国家吧？国运真是不可限量啊！”乐工为他歌唱《南风》。季札说：“美好啊，博大坦荡！欢乐却不放纵，大概是周公东征时的乐歌吧！”乐工为他歌唱《秦风》。季礼说：“这乐歌就叫做正声。能作正声自然宏大，宏大到了极点，大概是周室故地的乐歌吧！”乐工为他歌唱《魏风》。季礼说：“美好啊，轻飘浮动！粗扩而又婉转，变化曲折却又易于流转，加上德行的辅助，就可以成为贤明的君主了”乐工为他歌唱《唐风》。季礼说：“思虑深远啊！大概是帝尧的后代吧！如果不是这样，忧思为什么会这样深远呢？如果不是有美德者的后代，谁能像这样呢？”，乐工为他歌唱《陈风》。季札说：“国家没有主人，难道能够长久吗？”再歌唱《郐风》以下的乐歌，季礼就不作评论了。
注释： 吴公子札：即季札，吴王寿梦的小儿子。周乐：周王室的音乐舞蹈。工：乐工。《周南》、《召南》：《诗经》十五国风开头的两种。以下提到的都是国风中各国的诗歌。始基之：开始奠定了基础。勤：劳，勤劳。怨：怨恨。邶(bei)：周代诸侯国，在今河南汤阴南。庸：周代诸侯国，在今河南新乡市南。卫：周代诸侯国，在今河南淇县。康叔：周公的弟弟，卫国开国君主。武公：康叔的九世孙。《王》：即《王风》，周平王东迁洛邑后的乐歌。郑：周代诸侯国，在今河南新郑一带。细：琐碎。这里用音乐象征政令。泱泱：宏大的样子。表东海：为东海诸侯国作表率。大公：太公，指国开国国君吕尚，即姜太公。豳(bin)：西周公刘时的旧都，在今陕西彬县东北。荡：博大的样子。周公之东：指周公东征。夏：西周王跷一带。秦：在今陕西、甘肃一带。夏声：正声，雅声。魏：诸侯国名，在今山西芮县北。沨沨(feng)：轻飘浮动的样子。险：不平，这里指乐曲的变化。唐：在今山西太原。晋国开国国君叔虞初封于唐。陶唐氏：指帝尧。晋国是陶唐氏旧地。令德之后：美德者的后代，指陶唐氏的后代。陈：国都宛丘，在今河南淮阳。郐(kuai)：在今河南郑州南，被郑国消灭。讥：批评。
为之歌《小雅》，曰。“美哉！思而不贰，怨而不言，其周德之衰乎？犹有先王之遗民焉！”为之歌《大雅》，曰：“广哉！熙熙乎！曲而有直体，其文王之德乎？”
译文： 乐工为季札歌唱《小雅》。季礼说：“美好啊！有忧思而没有二心，有怨恨而不言说，这大概是周朝德政衰微时的乐歌吧？还是有先王的遗民在啊！”
注释： 《小雅》：指《诗·小雅》中的诗歌。先王：指周代文、武、成、康等王。《大雅》：指《诗·大雅》中的诗歌。熙熙：和美融洽的样子。
为之歌《颂》，曰：“至矣哉！直而不倨，曲而不屈；迩而不逼，远而不携；迁而不淫，复而不厌；哀而不愁，乐而不荒；用而不匮，广而不宣；施而不费，取而不贪；处而不底，行而不流。五声和，八风平；节有度，守有序。盛德之所同也！”
译文： 乐工为他歌唱《大雅》。季礼说：“广阔啊！乐工为他歌唱《颂》。季礼说：“好到极点了！正直而不傲慢，委曲而不厌倦，哀伤而不忧愁，欢乐而不荒淫，利用而不匮乏，宽广而不张扬，施予而不耗损，收取而不贪求，安守而不停滞，流行而不泛滥。五声和谐，八音协调；节拍有法度，乐器先后有序。这都是拥有大德大行的人共有的品格啊！”
注释： 《颂》：指《诗经》中的《周颂》、《鲁颂》和《商颂》。倨：傲慢。国嗝：同“逼”，侵逼。携：游离。荒：过度。囫处：安守。底：停顿，停滞。五声：指宫、商、角、微、羽。和：和谐。八风：指金、石、丝、竹、翰、土、革、本做成的八类乐器。节：节拍。度：尺度。守有序：乐器演奏有一定次序。
见舞《象箾》、《南龠》者，曰：“美哉，犹有憾！”见舞《大武》者，曰：“美哉，周之盛也，其若此乎？”见舞《韶濩》者，曰：“圣人之弘也，而犹有惭德，圣人之难也！”见舞《大夏》者，曰：“美哉！勤而不德。非禹，其谁能修之！”见舞《韶箾》者“，曰：“德至矣哉！大矣，如天之无不帱也，如地之无不载也！虽甚盛德，其蔑以加于此矣。观止矣！若有他乐，吾不敢请已！”
译文： 季札看见跳《象箫》和《南龠》两种乐舞后说：“美好啊，但还有美中不足！”看到跳《大武》时说：“美好啊，周朝兴盛的时候，大概就是这样子吧。”看到跳《陬》时说：“圣人如此伟大，仍然有不足之处，做圣人实不容易啊！”看到跳《大夏》时说：“美好啊！勤于民事而不自以为有功。除了夏禹外，谁还能作这样的乐舞呢！”看到跳《陬箫》时说：“德行达到顶点了！伟大啊，就像上天无所不覆盖一样，像大地无所不容纳一样！虽然有超过大德大行的，恐怕也超不过这个了。观赏达到止境了！如果还有其它乐舞，我也不敢再请求观赏了！”
注释： 《象箾(shuò)》：舞名，武舞。《南龠(yuè)：舞名，文舞。《大武》：周武王的乐舞。《韶濩hù》：商汤的乐舞。惭德：遗憾，缺憾。《大夏》：夏禹的乐舞。不德：不自夸有功。修：作。《韶萷》：虞舜的乐舞。帱(dào)：覆盖。蔑：无，没有。
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刘恒《
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文帝议佐百姓诏》
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佚名《
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敬姜论劳逸》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。