《咏荆轲》翻译及注释
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唐代：柳宗元
燕秦不两立，太子已为虞。千金奉短计，匕首荆卿趋。
译文：燕国秦国势不两立，燕太子丹为这块心病十分忧虑。决定用樊於期脑袋作信物奉行刺秦王的短浅计谋，让荆轲带上匕首赶赴秦地。
注释：不两立：不能同时并存。太子：即燕太子丹，燕王喜之子。虞：忧患，引申为心病。千金：指代秦将樊於期之首级。短计：浅陋的计谋。荆卿：即荆轲。
穷年徇所欲，兵势且见屠。微言激幽愤，怒目辞燕都。
译文：整年里卑词厚礼，奉养荆轲，恰逢人们将受屠戮，军事形势十分危急。微言大义激起樊氏深怨，献出人头，荆卿圆睁双眼怒气冲冲辞别燕国首都。
注释：穷年：整年。徇：顺从。且见屠：将要被屠杀。微言：密谋；暗中进言。燕都：指燕国首都。
朔风动易水，挥爵前长驱。函首致宿怨，献田开版图。
译文：北风里一曲悲歌，易水送行场面壮烈，洒酒祭祀天地登车挥鞭长驱。把密封樊於期首级的匣子送给宿敌秦王，当面打开燕国的地图割让土地。
注释：朔风：北风，寒风。爵：古代酒器。长驱：向前奔驰不止。函首：将首级装入匣子。宿怨：指代秦王。
炯然耀电光，掌握罔正夫。造端何其锐，临事竟趑趄。
译文：突然间闪闪电光，图穷匕首见，可惜拿匕首的人不是行家，耳热心悸。开始行事时锐气何等锋利，到紧要关头他却犹豫无计。
注释：炯然：明亮貌。电光：指匕首。罔：没有，不是。正夫：这里指行家。正：一作“匹”。造端：开始；开端。趑趄：犹豫，不进貌。
长虹吐白日，仓卒反受诛。按剑赫凭怒，风雷助号呼。
译文：突然间似长虹横贯太阳，匆忙中反而自遭诛杀。秦王拔剑而起，盛怒伐燕，号呼声似风雷贯耳，秦军向燕地进发。
注释：仓卒：即仓猝，匆忙急迫。“按剑”二句：指秦王发怒攻打燕国事。
慈父断子首，狂走无容躯。夷城芟七族，台观皆焚污。
译文：燕王斩下太子丹头颅讨好秦国，仍被追伐得到处奔跑，没有容身之舍。秦兵铲平城邑除掉燕王亲姻家族，燕国的官署宫观都被烧毁践踏。
注释：“慈父”二句：指燕王杀太子丹仍被追逃事。芟：割草，引申为除去。七族：指亲姻家族。台：古代官署名。焚污：谓焚毁玷辱。
始期忧患弭，卒动灾祸枢。秦皇本诈力，事与桓公殊。
译文：开始行事时指望消除灾祸，最终反而触动了灾祸的机匣。秦王的兼并靠的是诈力，与讲信义的齐桓公大相径差。
注释：弭：消除、停止。枢：枢纽，机关，关键。诈力：欺诈与暴力。桓公：齐桓公，春秋五霸之一，齐桓公以信为号召，与秦之并兼诈力不同。
奈何效曹子，实谓勇且愚。世传故多谬，太史征无且。
译文：怎能仿效勇士曹沫劫齐桓公的故事呢，实在叫做有勇无谋又愚有加。世间流传的史事本来就多有谬误，太史公已从秦侍医夏无且那里早有叹嗟。
注释：曹子：即曹沫，春秋时期著名刺客。故：通“固”，本来。太史：指太史公司马迁。征：证明、应验。无且：指秦王侍医夏无且。
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曹操《
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短歌行》
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杜牧《
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西江怀古》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。