《题武关》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜牧
碧溪留我武关东，一笑怀王迹自穷。
译文：清澈的溪水汩汩地流过要留我在武关之东，可笑当年的楚怀王入关投秦却是到了尽穷。
注释：武关：战国时秦国设置的关隘，故址在令陕西商洛县东。怀王：楚怀王熊槐（？一前295）战国时期楚国的国君，前328至前299年在位。据《史记·楚世家》和《屈原列传》，秦昭王致书楚怀王，约会于武关。怀王入武关，秦伏兵断绝其归路以求割地，怀王怒而不从逃往赵国，赵国惧秦不敢接纳。怀王只得又回秦国，结果死于秦国。
郑袖娇娆酣似醉，屈原憔悴去如蓬。
译文：郑袖得宠的娇艳妩媚之态就好像喝醉似的，屈原遭放逐到处流落他的形容就犹如乱蓬。
注释：郑袖：楚怀王宠妃。妖娆：娇艳美好，妩媚多姿。酣：畅快喝酒。屈原：楚国大夫，早年曾得楚怀王信任，主张联齐抗秦，后来楚怀王听信谗言把他放逐外地，流放期间，始终心忧国李。憔悴：面容黄瘦。蓬：蓬草。蓬草随风飘转，常用来比喻人的身世飘零或行踪不定。
山樯谷堑依然在，弱吐强吞尽已空。
译文：如桅杆耸立的峰峦似壕沟深长的山谷还在，而弱肉强食七国争雄却像过眼烟云已成空。
注释：山樯：如桅杆般耸立的山峦。谷堑：深长的峡谷。弱吐强吞：形容战国时强国侵吞弱国的形势。
今日圣神家四海，戍旗长卷夕阳中。
译文：当今天子如此神圣四海为一家天下为统一，而如今武关上长风浩荡戍旗翻卷于夕阳中。
注释：圣神：对皇帝的敬称。家四海：四海一家，天下统一。戍旗：守卫边防的战旗。
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柳宗元《
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咏三良》
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章碣《
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焚书坑》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。