《水调歌头·定王台》翻译及注释
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宋代：袁去华
雄跨洞庭野，楚望古湘州。何王台殿，危基百尺自西刘。尚想霓旌千骑，依约入云歌吹，屈指几经秋。叹息繁华地，兴废两悠悠。
译文：定王台建在洞庭湖之滨，位于古湘州地界上。定王台虽然在历经千年之后已经堙没，但是遗迹尚存，那残存的台基，依然高耸百尺，令我想到定王台的修建者西汉的刘发。想当年定王到此游玩时，一定是华盖如云，旌旗招展，如虹霓当空；千乘万骑前呼后拥，声势浩大；急管高歌之声似乎直抵云霄。然而，屈指已几度春秋，昔日的繁华盛地变成了一派衰败苍凉，盛衰无常，兴废两茫茫。
注释：楚望：楚地的望郡。唐、宋时，州、郡、县按地势、人口及经济状况划分为畿、赤、望、紧、上、中、下若干等级，形胜富庶的地区称“望”。湘州：东晋永嘉时初置，唐初改潭州，词中指长沙。危基：高大的台基。自西刘：始建于西汉刘发。霓旌：旗帜如云霓，形容仪仗之盛。依约：连绵不断。
登临处，乔木老，大江流。书生报国无地，空白九分头。一夜寒生关塞，万里云埋陵阙，耿耿恨难休。徙倚霜风里，落日伴人愁。
译文：登台远望，只见高大的树木枝叶枯落，长江无止息地向东奔流。对此情景，想到国家的支离破碎，满目疮痍，而自己空怀一腔报国热情却无路请缨、壮志难酬，不由得发出了悲愤苍凉的感慨：书生报国无门，空自白头，而金兵猝然南下，侵占中原，犹如一夜北风生寒，导致万里河山支离破碎、残破不堪。京都沦陷，皇家陵阙黯然被埋没在厚厚的云雾之中，令人愁恨不已。念及此，我耿耿于怀，悲愤难休，却又无可奈何，只能徘徊往来在秋风寒霜中，夕阳将落，更增人恨愁。
注释：空白九分头：徒然白首。一夜寒生关塞：比喻金人猝然南侵，攻破关塞。云埋陵阙：皇宫与陵寝都埋没在远方的云雾中，词中指宋都汴京沦于敌手。陵阙：帝王陵墓、京都城阙，均为存亡的象征。耿耿：不安的样子。徙倚：走走停停。
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纳兰性德《
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蝶恋花·出塞》
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陶渊明《
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读山海经十三首·其四》
袁去华简介
唐代·袁去华的简介
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袁去华，字宣卿，江西奉新（一作豫章）人。生卒年均不详，约宋高宗绍兴末前后在世。绍兴十五年（公元一一四五年）进士。改官知石首县而卒。善为歌词，尝为张孝祥所称。去华著有适斋类稿八卷，词一卷，著有《适斋类稿》、《袁宣卿词》、《文献通考》传于世。存词90余首。