《构法华寺西亭》翻译及注释
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唐代：柳宗元
窜身楚南极，山水穷险艰。
译文：如同逃窜一样，我被放逐到楚国的最南端，永州的环境极其险恶艰难。
注释：窜：逃匿。这里形容被放逐的狼狈。极：终极，尽头。山水：指环境。穷：极其。
步登最高寺，萧散任疏顽。
译文：一步步登上最高的法华寺，闲散时，我又率性疏放顽劣一番。
注释：萧散：闲逸。任：任意，率性。疏：疏放，放诞。顽：顽劣，顽皮不顺从。
西垂下斗绝，欲似窥人寰。
译文：寺庙的西边下面是陡峭的山崖，高得好似从天上俯窥人寰。
注释：垂：通“陲”，边。斗：通“陡”。欲似：好像。欲，似。
反如在幽谷，榛翳不可攀。
译文：反过来，如果处于幽谷之中，榛莽繁茂遮蔽，谁也不能攀缘。
注释：反：相反，指与从山上俯视相反，从山下往上看。榛翳：丛生的草木浓密覆掩。
命童恣披翦，葺宇横断山。
译文：我吩咐童仆尽力地砍开杂木野草，横对着断崖把一座小亭修建。
注释：童：仆。恣：任意，尽力的。披翦：砍削。披，砍伐。翦，同“剪”，削。葺：盖房。宇：屋檐，指亭阁。横：横对着。
割如判清浊，飘若升云间。
译文：山上山下，隔开来有如天壤之别，登上山顶，如飘飘然升上了云间。
注释：割：切开，划开。判：分开，差别。清浊：天地。古代认为清气上升为天，浊气下降为地。
远岫攒众顶，澄江抱清湾。
译文：远方的山头朝着这里靠拢，澄清的潇水抱着东山绕弯。
注释：岫：峰峦。攒：聚集，凑拢。顶：峰顶，山头。抱：环绕。
夕照临轩堕，栖鸟当我还。
译文：夕阳临照着轩窗，渐渐地沉落，归鸟直朝着我们陆续地飞还。
注释：临：对着。轩：窗。当：对着。
菡萏溢嘉色，筼筜遗清斑。
译文：池塘里的荷花散射出一片鲜艳的色彩，山林间的竹枝留下了湘妃清清的泪斑。
注释：菡萏：荷花。溢：流出。嘉：美好。筼筜：一种竹子，茎粗而节长，这儿泛指竹子。遗清斑：留下了清晰的斑痕。指湘妃在竹枝上洒下血泪，化为竹上的斑痕。
神舒屏羁锁，志适忘幽潺。
译文：精神舒畅，如同除掉了缰绳枷锁，心情安适，因而忘记了愁苦辛酸。
注释：屏：除去。志适：心情安适。志，心理活动或思想。适，安宁，舒适。幽潺：忧愁。潺，愁苦，烦恼。
弃逐久枯槁，迨今始开颜。
译文：遭到遗弃和放逐，身心早已憔悴，到今天才开始有些愉悦开颜。
注释：枯槁：憔悴。迨：到。始：才。
赏心难久留，离念来相关。
译文：可惜赏心的时光难以久留，离乡的愁绪总是如藉丝一般连而难断。
北望间亲爱，南瞻杂夷蛮。
译文：举头北望，亲人们相隔千里，回视南方，我却杂居在夷蛮。
注释：间：隔离。夷蛮：古代称少数民族，东方为夷，南方为蛮。这儿泛指南方各种少数民族。
置之勿复道，且寄须臾闲。
译文：还是放下这些事，不要再提，借着这须臾的悠闲，忘掉忧烦。
注释：置：放下。寄：托，靠，凭借。须臾：片刻。
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祝允明《
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首夏山中行吟》
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李商隐《
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晚晴》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。