
上市公司要求:1、股票经国务院证券监督管理机构核准已向社会公开发行;2、公司股本总额不少于人民币三千万元;3、开业时间在三年以上,最近三年连续盈利;原国有企业依法改建而设立的,或者本法实施后新组建成立,其主要发起人为国有大中型企业的,可连续计算;4、持有股票面值达人民币一千元以上的股东人数不少于一千人,向社会公开发行的股份达公司股份总数的百分之二十五以上;公司股本总额超过人民币四亿元的,其向社会公开发行股份的比例为10%以上;5、公司在最近三年内无重大违法行为,财务会计报告无虚假记载;6、国务院规定的其他条件。应答时间:2021-10-12,最新业务变化请以平安银行官网公布为准。 [平安银行我知道]想要知道更多?快来看“平安银行我知道”吧~ /bpingancomcn/paim/iknow/indexhtml4个字母的英文单词有哪些1A股的正式名称是人民币普通股票。它是由我同境内的公司发行,供境内机构、组织或个人(不含台、港、澳投资者)以人民币认购和交易的普通股股票,我国A股股票市场经过几年快速发展,已经初具规模。 ------------------------ 2B股的正式名称是人民币特种股票。它是以人民币标明面值,以外币认购和买卖,在境内(上海、深圳)证券交易所上市交易的。它的投资人限于:外国的自然人、法人和其他组织,香港、澳门、台湾地区的自然人、法人和其他组织,定居在国外的中国公民,中国证监会规定的其他投资人。现阶段B股的投资人,主要是上述几类中的机构投资者。B股公司的注册地和上市地都在境内,只不过投资者在境外或在中国香港、澳门及台湾。 二者的区别是:股、B股及H股的计价和发行对象不同,国内投资者显然不具备炒作B股、H股的条件。另外,值得一提的是,沪市挂牌B股以美元计价,而深市B股以港元计价,故两市股价差异较大,如果将美元、港元以人民币进行换算,便知两地股价大体一致。以字母代称进行股票分类,不甚规范,根据中国证监会要求,股票简称必须统一、规范。可以相信,随着我国股市的进一步发展,A股、B股、H股等称谓将成为历史。 -------------------------- ST是“特别处理”special treatment的缩写。(是垃圾股的代名词) 1998年4月22日,沪深证券交易所宣布将对财务状况和其他财务状况异常的上市公司的股票交易进行特别处理(英文为specialtreatment,缩写为“ST”)。其中异常主要指两种情况:一是上市公司经审计两个会计年度的净利润均为负值,二是上市公司最近一个会计年度经审计的每股净资产低于股票面值。在上市公司的股票交易被实行特别处理期间,其股票交易应遵循下列规则:(1)股票报价日涨跌幅限制为5%;(2)股票名称改为原股票名前加“ST”,例如“ST钢管”;(3)上市公司的中期报告必须经过审计。 ----------------------------- G股就是已经完成股权分置的股票 ,如G三一,G金牛 而所谓"G板"这个概念是源于监管层还是民间?股权分置改革试点办公室的一位人士道出一个基本事实。他说,"当时有过G板的叫法,但并非设立独立板块的意思。大致上是指进行了股权分置改革的这类公司,也就是G类公司。所以,如果说监管层说过G板,实际上是指G股。" 6月17日三一重工股票简称变更为"G三一",成为中国证券市场第一只G股。 "G股"的设立,表明了证监会的政策意图。"不解决全流通就不能进行再融资"的规定,也让更多的上市公司纷纷上报股改方案。在42家第二批试点公司中,至少有宏盛科技、中孚实业等10家公司提出再融资方案,约占四分之一。 什么是股票?股票有什么特征? 股票是股份有限公司在筹集资本时向出资人发行的股份凭证。股票代表着其持有者(即股东)对股份公司的所有权。这种所有权是一种综合权利,如参加股东大会、投票表决、参与公司的重大决策。收取股息或分享红利等。同一类别的每一份股票所代表的公司所有权是相等的。每个股东所拥有的公司所有权份额的大小,取决于其持有的股票数量占公司总股本的比重。股票一般可以通过买卖方式有偿转让,股东能通过股票转让收回其投资,但不能要求公司返还其出资。股东与公司之间的关系不是债权债务关系。股东是公司的所有者,以其出资额为限对公司负有限只任,承担风险,分享收益。 股票是社会化大生产的产物,已有近400年的历史。作为人类文明的成果,股份制和股票也适用于我国社会主义市场经济。企业可以通过向社会公开发行股票筹集资金用于生产经营。国家可通过控制多数股权的方式,用同样的资金控制更多的资源。目前在上海。深圳证券交易所上市的公司,绝大部分是国家控股公司。 股票具有以下基本特征: (l)不可偿还性。股票是一种无偿还期限的有价证券,投资者认购了股票后,就不能再要求退股,只能到二级市场卖给第三者。股票的转让只意味着公司股东的改变,并不减少公司资本。从期限上看,只要公司存在,它所发行的股票就存在,股票的期限等于公司存续的期限。 (2)参与性。股东有权出席股东大会,选举公司董事会,参与公司重大决策。股票持有者的投资意志和享有的经济利益,通常是通过行使股东参与权来实现的。 股东参与公司决策的权利大小,取决于其所持有的股份的多少从实践中看,只要股东持有的股票数量达到左右决策结果所需的实际多数时,就能掌握公司的决策控制权。 (3)收益性。股东凭其持有的股票,有权从公司领取股息或红利,获取投资的收益。股息或红利的大小,主要取决于公司的盈利水平和公司的盈利分配政策。 股票的收益性,还表现在股票投资者可以获得价差收人或实现资产保值增值。通过低价买人和高价卖出股票,投资者可以赚取价差利润。以美国可口可乐公司股票为例。如果在1983年底投资1000美元买人该公司股票,到 1994年7月便能以 11 554美元的市场价格卖出,赚取10倍多的利润。在通货膨胀时,股票价格会随着公司原有资产重置价格上升而上涨,从而避免了资产贬值。股票通常被视为在高通货膨胀期间可优先选择的投资对象。 (4)流通性。股票的流通性是指股票在不同投资者之间的可交易性。流通性通常以可流通的股票数量、股票成交量以及股价对交易量的敏感程度来衡量。可流通股数越多,成交量越大,价格对成交量越不敏感(价格不会随着成交量一同变化),股票的流通性就越好,反之就越差。股票的流通,使投资者可以在市场上卖出所持有的股票,取得现金。通过股票的流通和股价的变动,可以看出人们对于相关行业和上市公司的发展前景和盈利潜力的判断。 那些在流通市场上吸引大量投资者、股价不断上涨的行业和公司,可以通过增发股票,不断吸收大量资本进人生产经营活动,收到了优化资源配置的效果。 (5)价格波动性和风险性。股票在交易市场上作为交易对象,同商品一样,有自己的市场行情和市场价格。由于股票价格要受到诸如公司经营状况、供求关系、银行利率、大众心理等多种因素的影响,其波动有很大的不确定性。正是这种不确定性,有可能使股票投资者遭受损失。价格波动的不确定性越大,投资风险也越大。因此,股票是一种高风险的金融产品。例如,称雄于世界计算机产业的国际商用机器公司(IBM),当其业绩不凡时,每股价格曾高达170美元,但在其地位遭到挑战,出现经营失策而招致亏损时,股价又下跌到40美元。如果不合时机地在高价位买进该股,就会导致严重损失1946年诺贝尔化学奖颁奖词earn 赚取, edge 边缘, edit 编辑, girl 女孩, wake 唤醒, envy 羡慕, copy 复制, exit 出口, good 好的, year 年, yaeh 是啊, have 有, pass 通过, park 公园, past 过去, meat 肉, mean 意思, main 主要, look 看, milk 牛奶, male 男性, king 国王, wind 风, wing 翼, what 什么, plus 加上, snow 雪, hill 小山等。词汇解析1、earn英 [ɜːn] 美 [ɝn] vt 赚,赚得;获得,挣得;使得到;博得例:What a lovely way to earn a living一个多好的谋生方式啊!例:Companies must earn a reputation for honesty公司必须赢得诚信。2、girl英 [gɜːl] 美 [ɡɝl] n 女孩;姑娘,未婚女子;女职员,女演员;(男人的)女朋友例:Should I go talk to that girl over there 我应该过去和那个女孩说话吗?例:Its really not about nothing, except for me and you, girl 女孩,除了关系到你和我,这没什么了不起。3、edit 英 ['edɪt] 美 ['ɛdɪt] vt 编辑;校订n 编辑工作例:This collection of essays is edited by Ellen Knight这本散文集是由埃伦·奈特编选的。例:He edits the literary journal, Murmur他编辑了《私语》这本文学杂志。4、snow 英 [snəʊ] 美 [sno] n 雪,积雪;下雪vi 降雪vt 使纷纷落下;使变白例:I like to play In the snow with you 我喜欢和你一起在雪中玩耍。例:But, I like winter because of the snow 但是,我因为雪而喜欢冬天。5、park英 [pɑːk] 美 [pɑrk] n 公园;[交] 停车场vt 停放;放置;寄存vi 停放车辆例:Greenfield turned into the next side street and parked格林菲尔德拐进下一个小巷停了车。例:He found a place to park the car他找到了一个停车的地方。各位陛下,王储殿下,女士们,先生们。 整整50年前,被授予诺贝尔奖,我们有很多理由为今天提醒。 马克斯冯劳厄被授予1914年诺贝尔物理学奖,根据引用,“他发现了衍射的X射线的水晶之都正是这种已形成的解释,夫人多萝西克劳福特霍奇金被授予诺贝尔化学奖,今年工作的基础上的现象。 后不久冯劳厄的发现,这两个英文科学家布拉格 ,父亲和儿子,开始运用X射线衍射分析,以确定如何产生的化合物,原子与晶体中的每个其他位于。换句话说,他们试图找出通常被人称为“复合结构”之称。在这一领域的成功导致他们被共同授予1915年诺贝尔物理学奖。 一种化合物的结构,知识是绝对必要的,以便解释其属性和反应,并决定其如何从简单的化合物synthetized。 首先,只有很简单的结构性问题可以解决的X射线衍射,而这些问题,是从无机化学领域几乎完全。有机化合物含有碳化合物,通常有更复杂的结构,而这些,在现阶段太多的困难。 然而,即使在当时相当多的可能性存在确定如何对一种有机化合物的原子结合到对方,纯粹化学方法。 这些方法是基于在很大程度上取决于从19关于从一个碳原子的定向债券几何世纪后半期获得的知识。大分子被分解成的结构已知组成部分,有些想法是,如何对这些成分加入了这个大型分子往往可以通过synthetizing分子一起得到证实。 渐渐地,然而,这样庞大而复杂的分子达成了这些“经典”的方法不再产生了结果。这一点尤其是在对的分子构成生物体的一部分,参与许多重要的结构过程中的情况。在这种情况下,必须先获得物理学领域的帮助,首先利用了X光的有关化合物晶体衍射。 在随后发现的X射线衍射时期,这种结构的测定方法已发展到这种程度,到1940年它开始可以使用解决有机化合物的结构是由传统方法无法解决它。 然而,即使在今天的X结构的测定射线方法不会产生从实验数据的结构直接的路线。在复杂的情况下,科学家只获得了一个相当大的精神努力后,产生一些化学知识,想象力和直觉发挥重要组成部分。此外,实验数据往往要使用不同的处理数学处理,必须根据不同的情况。添加到这样一个事实,更复杂的结构,更成为了必须积累和处理实验数据量。对于相对简单的建物有可能进行的铅笔和纸张计算。 现在它几乎总是需要使用电子计算机,他们的到来作出了巨大的差异,以贯彻结构确定的可能性。但是,它不是通常可以只给实验数据,并获得了数字,使最后的结构,科学家的能力,处理数据仍然是至关重要的。 这是在这方面,霍奇金表明这种特殊技能。 霍奇金夫人已经进行了大量的结构决定的主要物质,是重要的生化和医疗,但这些物质的两个值得一提依贝斯。这是青霉素和维生素B 12,其结构已变得完全通过她的努力,肯定知道。 在医学青霉素族开始对第二次世界大战的开始测试,其出色的抗生素特性意味着需求大量增加。因此,显然是可取的,以确定是否青霉素本身或其他具有类似作用的化合物可以通过化学方法制备。为此,必须确定的组成和青霉素结构,以及化学家和X一大批在英格兰和美国的射线晶体学家都对这个问题付诸表决。霍奇金夫人是在X发挥了主导作用射线晶体的工作,主要是她的努力而带来到一个令人满意的结果。这项工作开始于1942年,其结构经过四年的密集工作的阐述。这是透过有机化学,X射线晶体学家和物理化学和物理学的其他部门密切合作,显着科学家。一些的X -射线晶体学方法,在这里还首次。 夫人霍奇金青霉素结构的测定负有特殊的技巧和巨大的毅力证据。相当多的困难,但这并不是因为分子是特别多。然而,它拥有一些不明的特点,这意味着化学性质没有给予足够的指导。 霍奇金夫人在1948年开始,她试图确定维生素B 12,曾在同年隔震结构。这种维生素可以synthetized某些细菌和真菌,其中一些发挥动物的消化过程中发挥积极作用。 B的12条生产最为明显的反刍动物,谁似乎需要这种维生素,尤其是大量的。在其他高等动物的大部分,在男子例如,乙12生产规模小,他们的食物,因此必须包含足够数量现成乙12。饮食中缺乏,或吸收能力下降, 通过消化道的墙上这种维生素B的12,导致恶性贫血致命的血液状况的人。这种疾病可以随时拘捕乙12这是只有在非常需要少量注射。目前还不清楚如何买12的功能,在代谢过程,但为了开始提出这个问题,就必须了解详细结构得以稳定下来。 1956年,经过8年的工作,霍奇金夫人和她的合作者澄清了买12的结构。从来没有它得以确定这么大的分子的确切结构,结果一直被视为胜利的X射线晶体学技术。也有人,但是,霍奇金太太胜利。可以肯定的是,我们的目标绝不会在这一阶段就没有她的技能和特殊的直觉。 我们有理由希望,该买12的结构,作为这项工作的结果显示,详细的了解,将有可能都了解如何协助维生素在体内的新陈代谢和synthetize它。暂时它必须是通过细菌发酵产生。 霍奇金教授你多年来针对的晶体结构用X射线衍射技术确定你的努力。您已经解决了大量的结构性问题,在生物化学和医学十分重视多数,但有两个里程碑是突出。第一是对青霉素的结构,已作为一个宏伟的开局晶体学的新时代所描述的决心。第二,对维生素B 12的结构测定,一直被认为是至高无上的胜利的X射线晶体学分析,无论是在化学和生物的成果的重要性和结构极其复杂的尊重。 科学家在许多不同领域的工作,在X射线晶体学,化学,医学和欣赏极大的决心和技巧,涉及什么只能说是天才的直觉,这一直是你的工作商标描述。 在您的服务承认科学瑞典皇家科学院决定授予你化学今年的诺贝尔物理学奖。对我来说,已被授予向你转达学院的最衷心的祝贺和特权请你收到你从国王陛下手中奖。 1972从诺贝尔讲座 ,1963年至1970年化学爱思唯尔出版公司,阿姆斯特丹,1972年 赠送英文版:Presentation SpeechPresentation Speech by Professor G Hägg, Member of the Royal Academy of SciencesYour Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and GentlemenExactly 50 years ago, a Nobel Prize was awarded which we have much reason to be reminded of today Max von Laue was awarded the 1914 Nobel Prize for physics for, according to the citation, "his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals" It is this phenomenon which has formed the basis of the work for which Mrs Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin has been awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry this yearVery soon after von Laue's discovery, the two English scientists Bragg, father and son, began to apply X-ray diffraction in order to determine how the atoms of a compound are situated in relation to each other in a crystal In other words, they tried to find out what is usually known as the "structure" of the compound Their successes in this field resulted in their being jointly awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize for physicsKnowledge of a compound's structure is absolutely essential in order to interpret its properties and reactions and to decide how it might be synthetized from simpler compounds To begin with, only very simple structural problems could be solved by X-ray diffraction, and these problems were taken almost entirely from the field of inorganic chemistry Organic compounds, compounds containing carbon, usually have more complicated structures, and these presented too many difficulties at this stage However, even then considerable possibilities existed for determining how the atoms of an organic compound are bonded to each other, by purely chemical methods These methods were based largely upon the knowledge obtained from the latter half of the nineteenth century concerning the geometry of the bonds directed from a carbon atom Large molecules were broken down into components whose structures were already known, and when some idea had been obtained of how these components were joined together in the large molecule this could often be confirmed by synthetizing the moleculeGradually, however, such large and complicated molecules were reached that these "classical" methods no longer yielded a result This was particularly so in the case of the structures of many of the molecules which form part of living organisms and participate in the vital processes In these instances it was necessary to obtain help from the field of physics, and in the first place use was made of X-ray diffraction by crystals of the compound concerned During the period following the discovery of X-ray diffraction, this method of structure determination had been developed to such a degree that by the 1940's it began to be possible to use it for solving the structures of organic compounds which were insoluble by classical methodsHowever, even today structure determination by X-ray methods does not yield a direct route from the experimental data to the structure In complicated cases the scientist only obtains a result after considerable mental effort, in which chemical knowledge, imagination and intuition play a significant part In addition, the experimental data often have to be processed using different mathematical treatments, which must be varied according to the circumstances Add to this the fact that the more complicated the structure, the greater becomes the volume of experimental data which must be amassed and processed For relatively simply built compounds it was possible to carry out the calculations with pencil and paper Nowadays it is nearly always necessary to use electronic computers, and their arrival has made an enormous difference to the possibility of carrying out structure determinations However, it is not usually possible to just feed in the experimental data, and get out the figures which give the final structure; the scientist's ability to handle the data is still of vital importance It is in this respect that Mrs Hodgkin has shown such exceptional skillMrs Hodgkin has carried out a large number of structure determinations, primarily of substances which are of importance biochemically and medically, but two of these substances deserve especial mention These are penicillin and vitamin B12, whose structures have become completely and definitely known through her effortsThe use of penicillin in medicine began to be tested about the beginning of the second world war, and its exceptional antibiotic properties meant that the demand increased enormously It was therefore obviously desirable to find out whether penicillin itself or other related compounds having a similar effect could be prepared by chemical methods For this purpose it was essential to determine the composition and structure of penicillin, and a large number of chemists and X-ray crystallographers in both England and the USA were put on to this problem Mrs Hodgkin was to play a leading part in the X-ray crystallographic work, and it was chiefly her efforts which brought it to a satisfactory conclusion The work was begun in 1942 and the structure was elucidated after four years' intensive work This was marked by close cooperation between organic chemists, X-ray crystallographers and scientists in other branches of physical chemistry and physics A number of X-ray crystallographic methods were also used here for the first timeMrs Hodgkin's determination of the structure of penicillin bears evidence of exceptional skill and great perseverance The difficulties were considerable, but this was not because the molecule was particularly large However, it possessed some unknown features, which meant that the chemical properties did not give sufficient guidanceIn 1948 Mrs Hodgkin began her attempts to determine the structure of vitamin B12, which had been isolated in the same year This vitamin can be synthetized by certain bacteria and fungi, of which some play an active part in the digestive processes of animals The production of B12 is most pronounced in the ruminants, who seem to require this vitamin in particularly large amounts In most of the other higher animals, for example in man, the production of B12 is small, and their food must therefore contain sufficient quantities of ready-made B12 Lack of B12 in the diet, or a reduced ability to absorb this vitamin via the walls of the alimentary canal, leads in man to the fatal blood condition of pernicious anaemia The illness can always be arrested by injections of B12 which is only needed in very small quantities It is still not clear how B12 functions in the metabolic processes, but in order to begin to come to grips with this problem it is essential to know the structure in detailIn 1956, after eight years' work, Mrs Hodgkin and her collaborators had clarified the B12 structure Never before had it been possible to determine the exact structure of so large a molecule, and the result has been seen as a triumph for X-ray crystallographic techniques It was also, however, a triumph for Mrs Hodgkin It is certain that the goal would never have been reached at this stage without her skill and exceptional intuitionThere is reason to hope that the detailed knowledge of the B12 structure, revealed as a result of this work, will make it possible both to understand how this vitamin assists in the body's metabolism and to synthetize it For the time being it has to be produced via bacterial fermentationProfessor Hodgkin You have for many years directed your efforts towards the determination of crystal structures by means of X-ray diffraction techniques You have solved a large number of structural problems, the majority of great importance in biochemistry and medicine, but there are two landmarks which stand out The first is the determination of the structure of penicillin, which has been described as a magnificent start to a new era of crystallography The second, the determination of the structure of vitamin B12, has been considered the crowning triumph of X-ray crystallographic analysis, both in respect of the chemical and biological importance of the results and the vast complexity of the structureScientists working in many different fields, in X-ray crystallography, in chemistry, and in medicine admire the great determination and skill, involving what can only be described as gifted intuition, which has always been the mark of your workIn recognition of your services to science the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to award you this year's Nobel Prize for Chemistry To me has been granted the privilege of conveying to you the most hearty congratulations of the Academy and of requesting you to receive your prize from the hands of his Majesty the KingFrom Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1963-1970, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972