官街鼓
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唐代]：李贺
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晓声隆隆催转日，暮声隆隆呼月出。
汉城黄柳映新帘，柏陵飞燕埋香骨。
磓碎千年日长白，孝武秦皇听不得。
从君翠发芦花色，独共南山守中国。
几回天上葬神仙，漏声相将无断绝。
官街鼓译文及注释
译文
拂晓，隆隆的鼓声催促着太阳的运行，傍晚，隆隆的鼓声催促月亮的上升。
京城里，嫩黄的春柳映照着刚更换的新帘，赵飞燕的香骨久已埋葬在皇陵。
鼓声锤碎了千百年的漫长时光，秦皇汉武也不能再听到这官街的鼓响。
任由您翠黑的头发变作芦花般模样，只有鼓声与终南山一起厮守京城，日久天长。
就是天上也几次三番埋葬过神仙，只有这鼓声与漏声此起彼落，永远回荡。
注释
官街鼓：长安城大街上的鼓声，用以报时和戒夜。《旧唐书》：“日暮，鼓八百声而门闭。五更二点，鼓自内发，诸街鼓承振，坊市门皆启。鼓三千挝，辨色而止。”据《马周传》载：“先是京城诸街，每至晨暮，遣人传呼以警众。周遂奏诸街置鼓，每击以警众，令罢传呼，时人便之。”
隆隆：指鼓声。转日：指太阳升起。
月出：指月亮上升。
汉城：西汉建都长安，故称长安为“汉城”。黄柳：刚发嫩芽的春柳。这句暗示改朝换代，新帝登基，什物更换。
柏陵：指帝王陵墓。帝王陵地常植松柏，故称。飞燕：汉成帝皇后赵飞燕。香骨：指赵氏的尸骨。
磓（duī）：敲击，这里是消磨之意。日长白：指无尽的白昼。
孝武：汉武帝刘彻。秦皇：秦始皇嬴政。二人都是著名的信神仙求长生的帝王。
从：伴随。翠发：黑发，指年轻。芦花色：像芦花般的白发，指年老。
中国：指京都长安。
天上葬神仙：意指求仙者的虚妄。
漏：漏壶，古代的计时器。相将：相与，相伴，相随。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗歌选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：228-229
2、杨抱朴．诗鬼之诗．沈阳：辽海出版社，2000：258
官街鼓创作背景
唐元和五年（810），唐宪宗与宰相们谈到神仙时，问：“果真有神仙吗？”李藩回答说：“秦始皇、汉武帝学仙术、求长生，效果如何，你看看历史记载就知道了。”事见《资治通鉴》卷二三八。当时，李贺正任职长安，必有所闻，便借街头的鼓声，赋此诗来回答宪宗的问话。
参考资料：
1、吴企明．李贺集．南京：凤凰出版社，2007：43-44
官街鼓鉴赏
这首诗题目是“官街鼓”，主旨却在惊痛时光的流逝。时间，本是看不见摸不着的东西，可是诗人刻画了官街鼓的鼓声这一艺术形象，把无形变成了有形，把抽象的事物形象化，使读者感触到了时光这一无限存在的事物。官街鼓是时间的象征，那贯穿始终的鼓点，正像是时光永不留驻的脚步声。
诗一开始就描绘出一幅离奇的画面：宏观宇宙，日月跳丸，循环不已；画外传来咚咚不绝的鼓声。这样的描述，既夸张，又富于奇特的想象。一、二句描述鼓声，展示了日月不停运转的惊人图景；三、四句转入人间图景的描绘：宫墙内，春天的柳枝刚由枯转荣，吐出鹅黄的嫩芽，宫中却传出美人死去的消息。这样，官街鼓给读者的印象就十分惊心动魄了。它正是“月寒日暖煎人寿”的“飞光”的形象的体现。第五、六句用对比手法再写鼓声：千年人事灰飞烟灭，就像是被鼓点“磓碎”，而“日长白”——宇宙却永恒存在。可秦皇汉武再也听不到鼓声了，与永恒的时光比较，他们的生命十分短促可悲。这里专提“孝武（即汉武帝）秦皇”，是因为这两位皇帝都曾追求长生，然而他们未遂心愿，不免在鼓声中消灭。值得玩味的是，官街鼓乃唐制，本不关秦汉，“孝武秦皇”当然“听不得”，而诗中却把鼓声写成自古已有，而且永不消逝，秦皇汉武一度听过，只是诗人不能再听。可见诗人的用心，并非在讴咏官街鼓本身，而是着眼于这个艺术形象所象征的事物——那永恒的时光、不停的逝去。七、八两句分咏人生和官街鼓，再一次对比：尽管人“高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪”，日趋衰老；然而官街鼓永远不老，只有它“独共南山守中国”。这两句因省略较多，曾引起纷歧的解说。但仔细玩味，它们是分咏两个对立面。“君”字是泛指世人，可以包含“孝武秦皇”，却不一定是专指二帝。通过两次对比，进一步突出了人生有限与时间无限的矛盾的不可克服。诗写到这里，意思似乎已表达得淋漓尽致了。但诗人并没有就此搁笔，最后两句突发异想：天上的神仙也不免一死，不死的只有官街鼓。它的鼓声与漏声相继不断万古长存。这里仍用对比，却不再用人生与鼓声比，而以神仙与鼓声比：天上神仙已死去几回而隆隆鼓声却始终如一，连世人希羡的神仙寿命与鼓声比较也是这样短促可悲，那么人生的短促就更不在话下了。这样，一篇之中总共包含三层意思。最后神仙难逃一死的想象不但翻空出奇，而且闪烁着诗人对世界、对人生的深沉慨叹和真知灼见。
《官街鼓》反复地、淋漓尽致地刻画和渲染生命有限、时光无限的矛盾，有人认为意在批判神仙之说。这种评价是很局限的。从诗人李贺生平及其全部诗歌看，他慨叹人生短促、时光易逝，其中应含有“志士惜日短”的成分。他怀才不遇，眼看生命虚掷，对此特别敏感，特别痛心。此诗艺术上的一个显著特色是，通过异常活跃的想象，对抽象的时间和报时的鼓点发生联想，巧妙地创造出“官街鼓”这样一个象征性的艺术形象。赋无形以有形，化无声为有声，抽象的概念转化为可感的形象，让读者通过形象的画面，在强烈的审美活动中深深体味到诗人的思想感情。
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严忠济《
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李白《
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李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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故老谈亡国，明时录死忠。长吟一搔首，落日鸟呼风。
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可度岭二首 其二
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：
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李学一
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驰驱终日度深山，何处人家翠霭间。鸡犬数声云外落，峰峦千叠屋前环。
田园杂遝桑麻满，林木青苍鸟雀閒。疑是避秦人尚在，只今世远不知还。
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画胡
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明代：
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顾璘
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历历尘沙貌，棱嶒怪尔殊。寒云缠毳服，猛气映虬须。
万里明王贡，群方混一图。追伤衰晋末，无力斩休屠。