惜春郎·玉肌琼艳新妆饰
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宋代]:柳永
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玉肌琼艳新妆饰。好壮观歌席,潘妃宝钏,阿娇金屋,应也消得。
属和新词多俊格。敢共我勍敌。恨少年、枉费疏狂,不早与伊相识。
惜春郎·玉肌琼艳新妆饰译文及注释
译文
在一次酒席上遇到一位皮肤白皙相貌艳丽的歌妓,她的装扮新颖独特,来看她的人很多,就像东昏侯对待潘玉儿那样经常给这位女子服饰、金舛、手镯,像汉武帝对待阿娇那样作一座金屋让这位歌妓住,这位歌妓消受得起。
要求这位歌妓所作的新词有俊美之格调,这位歌妓很有才情,在填词方面和我不相上下。过去的放荡不羁的名声用错地方,只有这位女子才值得,恨不得与她早点相识。
注释
春郎,词牌名,调见《花草粹编》柳永词,因《乐章集》不载,故宫调无考。
琼艳:白皙而艳丽。琼,本指美玉,诗词中常以形容女子细腻的皮肤。
“潘妃”三句:潘妃为南齐东昏侯妃,名玉儿.以骄奢名干时。阿娇金屋,阿娇即汉武帝陈皇后。消得:抵得,配得上。
俊格:格调清俊高雅。
“勍”jìng通“竞”,争竟。
疏狂:这里是张扬、炫耀之意。
参考资料:
1、王星琦.柳永集 :凤凰出版社,2007年:71-72
2、柳永.柳永词选注:吉林文史出版社,2000年:84-85
惜春郎·玉肌琼艳新妆饰创作背景
约咸平五年(公元1002年),柳永遇见五服内的一位族兄。那位族兄引他来到将一名叫红红的女子介绍给他,红红想让柳永为她填词度曲。柳永也想露一手,沉吟了片刻,当即写了一首《惜春郎》。
参考资料:
1、叶一青、王光炤.柳永全传:长春出版社,1998年:17-21
惜春郎·玉肌琼艳新妆饰鉴赏
上片写歌妓的美艳照人。起句“玉肌琼艳新妆饰”直接从正面描写她肌肤白嫩娇美,光洁如玉,而又装扮一新。“好壮观歌席”,是说每当她出现在酒宴歌席之上,人们都会觉得眼前一亮,酒宴歌席也会因她的到来而增色不少。这句从侧面写她的美。把“好壮观歌席”口语化,宜于观听,朗朗上口。以下,词人全用虚笔,以“潘妃宝钏,阿娇金屋,应也消得”,极赞她的美丽和高贵。
下片写这位歌妓格调俊雅。在柳永的笔下,这位歌妓不但容貌姣好,气质高贵,而且颇有才情。她“属和新词多俊格”,竟能与别人以诗词相唱和,且作品格调高迈过人,“敢共我勍敌”。要知道,词人向来以“平生自负,风流才俊”(《传花枝》)自诩,作诗填词能与他一争高下,这位歌妓的才情可以想见。所以词作最后发出了这样的感叹:“恨少年、枉费疏狂,不早与伊相识!”
这首小词妙处亦在结末:疏狂少年敢与我这个老浪子竞争,恐怕他们还嫩了点,谁叫他们不早与你结识呢!这话是对那“玉肌琼艳”说的,事实上也是对疏狂少年的不屑,活脱脱一个过了中年.痴心不改,以风流浪子自许的词客形象。宋代的歌妓地位卑微,受到严格管束,常受折磨,柳永此词虽以歌妓为描写对象,但绝无丝毫淫靡的情调,柳永笔下的歌妓也绝无一点风尘气。他把歌妓当作平常人对待,他所欣赏的不仅仅是歌妓的体态和容貌,而更多的是她的才华和品格。
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柳永,(约987年—约1053年)北宋著名词人,婉约派代表人物。汉族,崇安(今福建武夷山)人,原名三变,字景庄,后改名永,字耆卿,排行第七,又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士,官至屯田员外郎,故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”,以毕生精力作词,并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活,尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情,创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画,情景交融,语言通俗,音律谐婉,在当时流传极其广泛,人称“凡有井水饮处,皆能歌柳词”,婉约派最具代表性的人物之一,对宋词的发展有重大影响,代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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