乞食
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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饥来驱我去，不知竟何之。
行行至斯里，叩门拙言辞。
主人解余意，遗赠岂虚来。
谈谐终日夕，觞至辄倾杯。
情欣新知欢，言咏遂赋诗。
感子漂母惠，愧我非韩才。
衔戢知何谢，冥报以相贻。
乞食译文及注释
译文
饥饿驱我出门去，不知究竟去哪里。
前行来到此村落，敲门却难致词语。
主人理解我心意，慷慨相赠来不虚。
畅谈终日话投机，斟酒即饮不客气。
新交好友心欢畅，即席赋诗表情意。
感你恩深似漂母，无韩信才我心愧。
牢记胸中如何谢，死后报答君恩惠。
注释
驱我去：逼迫我走出家门。
竟：究竟。何之：往何处去。之：往。
斯：这。里：居民聚居的地方，指村里。
拙言辞：拙于言辞，不知该怎么说才好。这里表现一种羞于启齿、欲言又止的复杂心理活动。
解余意：理解我的来意。
遗（wèi）：赠送。岂虚来：哪能让你（指诗人）白跑一趟。
谈谐：彼此谈话投机。
觞（shāng）至辄（zhé）倾杯：每次进酒总是一饮而尽。觞：进酒劝饮。辄：就，总是。
新知：新交的朋友。
言咏：吟咏。
感：感激。子：对人的尊称。漂母惠：像漂母那样的恩惠。漂母，在水边洗衣服的妇女。事见《史记·淮阴侯列传》：当年韩信在城下钓鱼，有位漂母怜他饥饿，给他饭吃，韩信发誓日后报答此恩。后来韩信帮助刘邦灭了项羽，被封为楚王，果然派人找到那位漂母，赠以千金。
非韩才：没有韩信的才能。
衔戢（jí）：谓敛藏于心，表示衷心感激。衔：马勒于口，勒不会掉落，意为永远不忘。戢：收藏。
冥报：谓死后在幽冥中报答，这是古人表示日后重报的说法，非关迷信与否。冥：幽暗，死者神魂所居。贻：赠送。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：66-68
2、汪新华．古诗文阅读．武汉：湖北教育出版社，2009：129-130
乞食创作背景
关于这首诗的创作时间，有两种截然不同的说法。一说此诗作于南朝宋文帝元嘉三年（426年），陶渊明六十二岁，诗人根据乞食的真实经历，写下此诗。一说此诗作于陶渊明青年时期，大约在东晋孝武帝太元十年（385年），陶渊明二十一岁，与朋友聚会，饮酒赋诗。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：66-68
2、汪新华．古诗文阅读．武汉：湖北教育出版社，2009：129-130
乞食鉴赏
《乞食》一诗，是陶渊明躬耕生涯之一侧面写照，至为真实，亦至为感人。这首诗不仅比较真实地反映了陶渊明晚年贫困生活的一个侧面，而且也真实地反映出陶渊明朴拙真率的个性。
渊明归耕之后，备尝农民之艰辛，尤其是饥饿。《有会而作》云：“弱年逢家乏，老至更长饥。”《饮酒》第十六首云：“竟抱固穷节，饥寒饱所更。”皆可印证。起二句直写出为饥饿所逼迫，不得不去乞食的痛苦情形和惶遽心态，诗人自己也不知该往何处去才是。“竟”之一字，透露出反覆的思忖，既见得当时农村之凋敝，有粮之家太少，告贷几乎无门；亦见得诗人对于所求之人，终究有所选择。渊明乃固穷之士。萧统《陶渊明传》载江州刺史檀道济“馈以粱肉，（渊明）麾之而去”，就是一好例。走啊走啊，不期然地走到了那一处墟里。由此可见，虽然“不知竟何之”，但下意识中，终究还是有其人的。此人当然应是一可求之人。尽管如此，敲开门后，自己还是口讷辞拙，不知所云。乞食，对于一个有自尊心的人，毕竟是难于启齿的呵。主人见渊明此时的饥色和窘样，他全明白了，立刻拿出粮食相赠，诗人果然不虚此行。多么好的人呵！诗情至此，由痛苦惶遽转变、提升为欣慰感激。主人不仅急人之难，而且善体人情。他殷勤挽留诗人坐下相谈，两人谈得投机，不觉到了黄昏，饭已经做好了，便摆出了酒菜。诗人已经无拘无束了，端起酒杯便开怀畅饮。渊明爱酒。“倾”之一字，下得痛快，这才是渊明“质性自然”之本色呵。诗人为有这位新交而真心欢喜，谈得高兴，于是赋诗相赠。从“新知”二字，可见主人与诗人尚是新交，但诗人心知其人亦是一雅士，所以才“行行至斯里。”下面四句，正面表达感激之情，是全诗的主要意旨。《史记·淮阴侯列传》载韩信“始为布衣时，贫”，“钓于城下，诸母漂（絮），有一母见信饥，饭信，竟漂数十日。信喜，谓漂母曰：‘吾必有以重报母。’”后来韩信在刘邦部下立大功，封楚王，“召所从食漂母，赐千金。”诗人借用此一典故，对主人说，感激您深似漂母的恩惠，惭愧的是我无韩信之才能，难以报答于您。您的恩惠我永远珍藏在心里，今生不知如何能够答谢，只有死后我在冥冥之中，再来报答于您。中国古代有“冥报”的说法，如“结草衔环”的故事便是。“冥报”之语，表达的是至深至高的感激之忱。“冥报”之是否可能，虽可不论，但此种感激之忱，则至为珍贵。
此诗的启示意义，超越了乞食一事。全幅诗篇语言平淡无华，却蕴发着人性美丽的光辉。主人急人之难，诗人感恩图报，皆至性真情，自然呈露，光彩照人。这是两种高尚人格的对面与相照。急人之难，施恩不图报；受恩必报，饮水不忘挖井人——这是中国民族精神中的传统美德。诗中映现的两种人格，深受传统美德的煦育，亦是传统美德的体现。
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张志和《
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渔父·云溪湾里钓鱼翁》
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乔吉《
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朝天子·小娃琵琶》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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汝寡无丁男，托命惟一女。活世真废人，盲瘖无乃是。
今年女有育，正月利弧矢。乃是四日生，六日方闻喜。
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初至襄阳与熊心开总理夜话
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：
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梁朝钟
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虎帐铜壶夜气清，羽林十万静无声。单于冬入残三辅，汉上秋成絷九营。
勿虑卫青终失宠，无劳贾诩更谈兵。吴山楚水年馀别，残角空阶尽月明。