东平留赠狄司马
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唐代]：高适
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古人无宿诺，兹道以为难。
万里赴知己，一言诚可叹。
马蹄经月窟，剑术指楼兰。
地出北庭尽，城临西海寒。
森然瞻武库，则是弄儒翰。
入幕绾银绶，乘轺兼铁冠。
练兵日精锐，杀敌无遗残。
献捷见天子，论功俘可汗。
激昂丹墀下，顾盼青云端。
谁谓纵横策，翻为权势干。
将军既坎壈，使者亦辛酸。
耿介挹三事，羁离从一官。
知君不得意，他日会鹏抟。
东平留赠狄司马译文及注释
译文
古人重视信守诺言，而您躬行重然诺之道并不感到困难。
您为报答知己，不辞奔波万里，赴边杀敌，您这信守诺言的品格实在令人感叹。
您驱马纵横驰骋于西域极远之地，您高妙的击剑之术直指楼兰古国。
您出征的行程穷尽北庭地区，您出击的锋芒直逼西海这寒冷的地带。
您学识渊博令人肃然仰望，您文笔俊秀令儒者钦佩。
您进入幕府，被委以重任，奉命赴执法者之任。
您勤于训练士卒，队伍在训练中日益精锐，征战中杀尽敌寇，无一漏网。
战胜后面见天子，进奉俘虏和战利品，论起功勋，狄司马以赫赫战绩居于首位。
您在宫殿之前激昂陈词，顾盼之间，神采飞扬，如身处青云之端一般令人景仰。
谁曾想到，如此纵横战阵之间的谋略，竟被权势者从中干扰，不被君王采纳。
您因此而不得一展抱负，亲见此事的传令使者也为您感到悲哀和不平。
您光明磊落，不肯趋附权贵，因而被迫客居他乡担任一个小官。
我知道您现在很不得志，但我相信，有朝一日您会像鹏鸟一样直上高空，实现凌云壮志。
注释
题下有小字注：曾与田安西充判官。东平：郡名，今山东菏泽东北。
无宿诺：实现诺言不过夜。
月窟：月生之地，指极西之地。
剑术：击剑的技术。楼兰：古西域国名，遗址在今新疆若羌。
北庭：唐朝都护府，在今新疆吉木萨尔县。
西海：今新疆吐鲁番。
森然：严肃貌。
翰：长而硬的鸟羽，借指毛笔、文字等。
入幕：入为幕僚。绾：旋绕打结。
铁冠：即法冠，以铁为柱，置于冠上，执法者服之。
献捷：战胜后，进奉俘虏和战利品。
丹墀：古时宫殿前涂上红色的台阶。
顾盼：向左右或周围看去。
纵横策：克敌制胜之术。
权势：指居高位有势力之人。
坎壈：困窘，不得志。
耿介：光明磊落，不趋炎附势。挹：作揖。三事：即三公，泛指高级官员。
羁离：寄居为客。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第106-107页
东平留赠狄司马鉴赏
这首诗赞颂了狄司马的高尚品行。诗一开头即以“无宿诺”作赞誉之词，将狄司马这位志行高洁之人的伟岸形象凸现出来，令人有高山仰止之感。随即对狄司马品质高贵、英勇善战展开描写，言辞铿然有声，一位从金戈铁马中浴血奋战而出的英雄形象巍然屹立。虽然诗人对狄司马的功勋、神采有较多的着墨，但最终落笔之处还是他内在品质的高尚。到慷慨陈词于君王之前是狄司马内心之高洁而外露为信守然诺、奋勇杀敌、功勋赫赫的极致。在这极致之时笔锋陡转，言及狄司马为权贵所嫉，难以一展抱负，对比强烈，令人于恍然若失中领悟到更深的人生哲理。最后诗人劝勉友人不要灰心，相信功业终有成就之日，这正是诗人对友人的钦佩是根本于其志行高洁，而非表面的功勋显耀的体现。全诗语言古拙，对仗工整，一韵到底，表现了诗人卓越的文艺才能。
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赵师秀《
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薛氏瓜庐》
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陶渊明《
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高适简介
唐代·高适的简介
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高适是我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，世称“高常侍”。 作品收录于《高常侍集》。高适与岑参并称“高岑”，其诗作笔力雄健，气势奔放，洋溢着盛唐时期所特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。
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