山鬼谣·问何年
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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雨岩有石，状怪甚，取《离骚》《九歌》，名曰“山鬼”，因赋《摸鱼儿》，改今名。
问何年、此山来此？西风落日无语。看君似是羲皇上，直作太初名汝。溪上路，算只有、红尘不到今犹古。一杯谁举？举我醉呼君，崔嵬未起，山鸟覆杯去。
须记取：昨夜龙湫风雨，门前石浪掀舞。四更山鬼吹灯啸，惊倒世间儿女。依约处，还问我：清游杖履公良苦。神交心许。待万里携君，鞭笞鸾凤，诵我《远游》赋。
山鬼谣·问何年译文及注释
译文
雨岩有一巨大的石头，形状非常怪异，我借用楚辞中《离骚》《九歌》的意思，为它取名“山鬼”，并创作《摸鱼儿》词，调名改为现名《山鬼谣》。
问哪一年这个怪石飞来？西风落日中的怪石默然不答。巨石可能是羲皇以前形成的，就以“太初”称呼你罢。巨石环境偏僻，人迹罕至，今日还像古时一样。醉中举杯呼叫雨岩，雨岩未动，山鸟却把酒杯踩倒飞去了。
昨夜风雨之中，巨石忽然起舞，在四更天的时候吹灭灯光大声呼啸，把人们都吓坏了。在巨石起舞呼啸的场景里，隐隐约约听到巨石山鬼对我说：您整天拄杖游览也是够辛苦了。既然我们成了知己朋友，我们就共同乘上鸾鸟和凤凰驾的车，吟诵着《远游》赋去漫游罢。
注释
山鬼谣：词牌名，即“摸鱼儿”。双调一百十六字，上片六仄韵，下片七仄韵。
《离骚》《九歌》：屈原作品。《九歌》凡十一篇，其中第九篇《山鬼》，描写一位山中女神。
“看君”两句：谓怪石似羲皇上人，就以“太初”称之。羲皇上，即羲皇上人，伏羲氏以前的人。陶渊明曾自称羲皇上人。此言怪石来历久远，纯朴天然。君，指怪石。名汝：以此称你。
“溪上”两句：怪石地处僻远，红尘不到，所以拙朴风貌，古今不变。
“一杯”四句：举杯邀石，怪石未动，山鸟却翻杯而去。谁举：为（向）谁而举。崔嵬：高大耸立貌，代指怪石。覆杯：打翻了酒杯。
“须记”三句：人们记得昨晚潭边风雨大作，而怪石却乘翻飞起舞。龙湫（qiū），龙潭。作者《水龙吟·题雨岩》词赋雨岩飞泉说：“又说春雷鼻息，是卧龙弯环如许。”石浪，指巨大的怪石。词尾作者自注：“石浪，庵外巨石也，长三十馀丈。”
“四更”两句：山鬼深夜呼啸而至，吹灯灭火，使人胆颤心惊。山鬼吹灯，化用杜甫《山馆》诗意：“山鬼吹灯灭，厨人语夜阑。”
依约处：依稀恍惚间。
杖屦（jù）：出游登山所用的手仗和麻鞋。良苦：非常辛苦。
“神交”四句：以怪石为契友，拟携石乘鸾驾凤作万里远游。神交心许，精神相交，心意互许。鞭笞（chī）鸾凤，鞭策鸾凤，即指乘鸾驾凤，遨游太空。《远游》，《楚辞》中的篇名，或谓屈原所作，这里代指辛弃疾的词作。
参考资料：
1、谢永芳．辛弃疾诗词全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2016：230-231
2、谢俊华．辛弃疾全词详注（上册）．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2016：264-265
3、刘乃昌 编选．辛弃疾集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：56-58
山鬼谣·问何年创作背景
此词作于辛弃疾首次罢官退居带湖时期，时间在宋孝宗淳熙十三年（1186）前后。在赋闲时期他经常去附近的风景胜地博山游览。博山雨岩有一块形态怪异的巨石，长三十馀丈，辛弃疾便借用屈原《九歌》中“山鬼”称呼它，写下了这首《摸鱼儿》词，并将词牌改名为《山鬼谣》。
参考资料：
1、谢永芳．辛弃疾诗词全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2016：230-231
2、谢俊华．辛弃疾全词详注（上册）．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2016：264-265
山鬼谣·问何年鉴赏
辛弃疾的山水词与前代山水诗不同，不仅是单纯地摹拟自然，更重要的是富于想象，赋予大自然以人格，同时又兼有磅礴的气势。此词就是这样。据词序，《山鬼谣》之名是取屈原《离骚》《九歌》之意。《山鬼》，一曲人神恋歌，词人借以咏雨岩怪石。词写得诡异奇特，与石之“怪甚”十分相称。
上片头二句“问何年，此山来此？”著一“来”字便把偌大一座博山拟人化了。从历史长河中来看，这座山当有形成的日期，但在科学知识不发达的古代，没有人能解答这个问题。提问的对象，并不确指，又巧妙地以“西风落日无语”作答，使渺茫的太古融入了瑟瑟西风、奄奄落日之中，竟不可得一究诘之所。既渲染了冷峻阴森的气氛，又引起日落后神秘可怖的悬想。究诘既无所得，所以紧接着便以猜度之词说：“看君似是羲皇上，直作太初名汝”。《白虎通义》：“三皇者，何谓也？谓伏羲、神农、燧人也。”传说伏羲始画八卦，造书契，揭开了人类文明史的第一页。《列子·天瑞》：“太初者，气之始也”；《周易》“易有太极”疏云：“天地未分之前，元气混而为一，即是太初。”说这怪石早于伏羲，实际上便把近在眼前的怪石写得超越千古，无与伦比。这是从纵的方面来写的。“溪上路，算只有，红尘不到今犹古”，则是从眼前的景物照应远古写的。空山无人，溪水清澈，缘溪而行，一尘不染。人间虽然经历了沧桑，但这儿依然“红尘不到”，只此才与太古相似。既突出了雨岩环境的无比幽静，又透露了词人对纷扰、龌龊现实的厌恶。词人独游雨岩的词作，大多抒发了知音难遇的感慨。空山独酌，孤寂可知，“一杯谁举”，与之相对者唯有此一块巨石。然而“崔嵬未起，山鸟覆杯去”，巨石不能与词人共饮，酒杯却又被山鸟打翻了。巨石不起，是无情之物体。而山鸟覆杯，可能是无心，也可能是有意，还或许是精灵所使。或真或幻把“山鬼”之灵从无写到有。由此可见，山鸟的插曲，正是人、物交感的契机。妙在写得空灵，犹如山鸟之去，无迹可寻。与之相对者唯有此一块巨石。
如果说上片写极静的意境，那么下片就写了极动的景象：龙潭风雨，足以惊人；长达三十馀丈的巨石，然被掀而舞，就更加骇人了。继之“四更山鬼吹灯啸”，不禁“惊倒世间儿女”。如此层层渲染，步步推进，直到“山鬼”出场，令人惊心动魄。词人对于雨岩之夜的描绘如此笔酣墨饱，显然是快意于这种景象。龙潭的风雨，石浪的掀舞，山鬼的呼啸，其势足以冲破如磐夜气，其力足以震撼浑浑噩噩的心灵。从这个意义上来说，“惊倒世间儿女”也没有什么不好。在这里，词人长期被压抑被钳制的心声，突然爆发出最激越的声响。可知以怪石为知已，不仅在于它远古荒忽，阅尽沧桑，而且更在于它惊世绝俗，能使人在精神上受到震动。词人与之相通者，大概就在这里。他说：我以石为知已，石亦以我为知已。所以接着说“依约处，还问我：清游杖履公良苦。神交心许。”这个“苦”字语意双关，既是说登山涉水之劳，也是说内心之苦，知已难得，人间难求。既“神交心许”，便深合默契，难分难解，所以最后说“待万里携君，鞭苔鸾凤，诵我《远游》赋”，从横的空间展示了广阔的天地。韩愈《奉酬卢给事云夫四兄曲江荷花行见寄并呈上钱七兄阁老张十八助教》诗云：“上界真人足官府，岂如散仙鞭笞鸾凤终日相追陪。”词人要携带“山鬼”，驾驭鸾凤，云游万里了。词人在这里说“诵我《远游》赋”，主要是表明他追求屈原伟大的爱国主义精神。“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。”（《离骚》）屈原内心的苦闷是与追求理想的渴望交织在一起的，辛词的用意亦在于此。
这首词把写景合咏物揉合在一起来抒情言态。由于寓意深刻，感情炽热，形象生动，渗透着对国家兴亡和作者本人身世的感慨，所以有一种扣人心弦的艺术魅力。元人刘敏中曾写过一首《沁园春·号太初石为苍然》，显然摹仿此词。这说明《山鬼谣》一词，对后世也是有一定影响的。
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王国维《
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玉楼春·西园花落深堪扫》
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杜甫《
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三绝句》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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夏日即事
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宋代：
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陈良贵
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青毡坐对此虚堂，惟有荷风过短墙。早起却怜春已去，閒来自觉日偏长。
绿迷隋苑颦杨柳，红褪唐宫怨海棠。光景如流寒又燠，天时未定雨违旸。
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答王司理霖佐高州见寄
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：
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欧大任
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高梁鞭弭未能胜，台上行春不共登。白雪风流知郢下，青云车骑忆平陵。
声闻岂但西皋鹤，搏起还看北海鹏。君自长安难久客，封书回雁且先凭。
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夏夕戏作艳曲
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明代：
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韩上桂
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浣沙溪上纻罗轻，少小吹笙学凤鸣。近水荷花贪并蒂，依人燕雀羡双成。
舞长自喜迎仙袂，烛灭何须绝客缨。已遣风光牵宿醉，独无凉雨解新酲。
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奉和刘泗英四十六岁生日感怀即步元韵辛巳
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近现代：
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常燕生
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掉臂兵丛自在行，归来依旧一书生。酒边结客千金尽，帐下翻澜四座惊。
莫惜华年今冉冉，但期民物各平平。春寒喜孕新桐熟，二月江涛撼雾城。
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重五日入山由苗栗至大湖
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：
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梁成楠
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溪行有深湍，山行无寸土。当暑践炎石，似鱼游热釜。
对岭见深林，林深防猛虎。杀人饮其血，手把髑髅舞。
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河北村题壁
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清代：
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延君寿
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烟散前林霁，茅檐罢午炊。雨多收稼晚，鸦乱定巢迟。
糁米田家饭，《豳风》壁上诗。愿将归隐意，说与牧羊儿。