《山鬼谣·问何年》翻译及注释
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宋代：辛弃疾
雨岩有石，状怪甚，取《离骚》《九歌》，名曰“山鬼”，因赋《摸鱼儿》，改今名。
注释：山鬼谣：词牌名，即“摸鱼儿”。双调一百十六字，上片六仄韵，下片七仄韵。《离骚》《九歌》：屈原作品。《九歌》凡十一篇，其中第九篇《山鬼》，描写一位山中女神。
问何年、此山来此？西风落日无语。看君似是羲皇上，直作太初名汝。溪上路，算只有、红尘不到今犹古。一杯谁举？举我醉呼君，崔嵬未起，山鸟覆杯去。
注释：“看君”两句：谓怪石似羲皇上人，就以“太初”称之。羲皇上，即羲皇上人，伏羲氏以前的人。陶渊明曾自称羲皇上人。此言怪石来历久远，纯朴天然。君，指怪石。名汝：以此称你。“溪上”两句：怪石地处僻远，红尘不到，所以拙朴风貌，古今不变。“一杯”四句：举杯邀石，怪石未动，山鸟却翻杯而去。谁举：为（向）谁而举。崔嵬：高大耸立貌，代指怪石。覆杯：打翻了酒杯。
须记取：昨夜龙湫风雨，门前石浪掀舞。四更山鬼吹灯啸，惊倒世间儿女。依约处，还问我：清游杖履公良苦。神交心许。待万里携君，鞭笞鸾凤，诵我《远游》赋。
注释：“须记”三句：人们记得昨晚潭边风雨大作，而怪石却乘翻飞起舞。龙湫，龙潭。作者《水龙吟·题雨岩》词赋雨岩飞泉说：“又说春雷鼻息，是卧龙弯环如许。”石浪，指巨大的怪石。词尾作者自注：“石浪，庵外巨石也，长三十馀丈。”“四更”两句：山鬼深夜呼啸而至，吹灯灭火，使人胆颤心惊。山鬼吹灯，化用杜甫《山馆》诗意：“山鬼吹灯灭，厨人语夜阑。”依约处：依稀恍惚间。杖屦：出游登山所用的手仗和麻鞋。良苦：非常辛苦。“神交”四句：以怪石为契友，拟携石乘鸾驾凤作万里远游。神交心许，精神相交，心意互许。鞭笞鸾凤，鞭策鸾凤，即指乘鸾驾凤，遨游太空。《远游》，《楚辞》中的篇名，或谓屈原所作，这里代指辛弃疾的词作。
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王国维《
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玉楼春·西园花落深堪扫》
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杜甫《
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三绝句》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。