停云
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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停云，思亲友也。罇湛新醪，园列初荣，愿言不从，叹息弥襟。
霭霭停云，濛濛时雨。
八表同昏，平路伊阻。
静寄东轩，春醪独抚。
良朋悠邈，搔首延伫。
停云霭霭，时雨濛濛。
八表同昏，平陆成江。
有酒有酒，闲饮东窗。
愿言怀人，舟车靡从。
东园之树，枝条载荣。
竞用新好，以怡余情。
人亦有言：日月于征。
安得促席，说彼平生。
翩翩飞鸟，息我庭柯。
敛翮闲止，好声相和。
岂无他人，念子实多。
愿言不获，抱恨如何！
停云译文及注释
译文
《停云》这首诗，是为思念亲友而作。酒樽里盛满了澄清的新酒，后园内排列着初绽的鲜花，可是我美好的愿望不能实现，叹息无奈，忧愁充满我的胸怀。
其一
阴云密密布空中，春雨绵绵意迷蒙。
举目四顾昏沉色，路途阻断水纵横。
东轩寂寞独自坐，春酒一杯还自奉。
良朋好友在远方，翘首久候心落空。
其二
空中阴云聚不散，春雨迷蒙似云烟。
举目四顾昏沉色，水阻途断客不前。
幸赖家中有新酒，自饮东窗聊慰闲。
思念好友在远方，舟车不通难相见。
其三
东园之内树成行，枝繁叶茂花纷芳。
春树春花展新姿，使我神情顿清朗。
平时常听人们言，日月如梭走时光。
安得好友促膝谈，共诉平生情意长。
其四
鸟儿轻轻展翅飞，落我庭前树梢头。
收敛翅膀悠闲态，呜声婉转相唱酬。
世上岂无他人伴，与君情意实难丢。
思念良朋不得见，无可奈何恨悠悠。
注释
停云：凝聚不散的云。
罇（zūn）：同“樽”，酒杯。湛（chén）：没，有盈满之意。醪（láo）：汁滓混合的酒，即浊酒，今称甜酒或醒糟。这一句说酒罇之中斟满新酿之醪。
列：排列。初荣：新开的花。
愿：思念。言：语助词，无意义。从：顺。不从：不顺心，不如愿。
弥（mí）：满。襟：指胸怀。
霭（ǎi）霭：云密集貌。
濛（méng）濛：微雨绵绵的样子。时雨：季节雨。这里指春雨。
八表：八方以外极远的地方。泛指天地之间。
伊：语助词。阻：阻塞不通。
寄：居处（chū），托身。轩：有窗槛的长廊或小室。
抚：持。
悠邈：遥远。
搔首：用手搔头，形容等待良朋的焦急情状。延伫（zhù）：长时间地站立等待。
平陆：平地。
靡（mǐ）：无，不能。
载：始。荣：茂盛。
新好：新的美好景色，指春树。
怡：一作“招”。
于：语助词。征：行，这里指时光流逝。
促席：彼此坐得很近。促：迫近。席：坐席。
说：同“悦”。彼：语助词。平生：平时，这里指平生的志趣、素志。
翩翩：形容飞鸟轻快飞舞的样子。
柯：树枝。
翮（hé）：鸟的翅膀。敛翩：收敛翅膀。止：停留。
相和（hè）：互相唱和。
子：您，古代男子的尊称，这里指朋友。
如何：意为无可奈何。
参考资料：
1、袁行霈．中国文学作品选注（第二卷）．北京：中华书局，2011：92
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：1-4
停云创作背景
此诗约作于晋安帝元兴三年（404年）春，当时作者闲居于家乡浔阳柴桑（今江西九江）。此前一年，桓玄在建康（今南京）篡东晋帝位，这一年二月，刘裕收取京口（今镇江）、广陵（今扬州），进一步攻占建康（今南京）。桓玄逃经浔阳，挟晋帝走江陵（在今湖北）。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：1-4
停云鉴赏
此诗从首句中摘取二字为题，题目与诗的内容无关。这首诗的内容，就是序中所说“思亲友也”。诗中运用比兴的手法和复沓的章法，通过对自然环境的烘托描写，和不能与好友饮酒畅谈的感慨，充分抒发了诗人对好友的深切思念之情。
诗歌全篇贯穿了陶渊明因不能和友人共享美好的抱恨之意，这充分表现了诗人对友人的一片热肠，和希望与友人共享美好的深情。无论是“良朋悠邈，搔首延儜”的烦急，还是“愿言怀人，舟车靡从”的无奈，无论是“安得促席，说彼平生”的愿望，还是“岂无他人，念子寔多”的担忧，无不尽显诗人的火热心肠和深情厚意。
正因为对友人的一片热肠和一往情深，而使诗人陷入寂寞孤独：“竞用新好，以怡余情。”——始发新芽的东园之树，都竞相用发着嫩芽的枝叶让我快慰，这正是因寂寞孤独而生幻觉，或聊以自慰。因为寂寞孤独，诗人才羡慕那“翩翩飞鸟”的“好声相和”，而益发“抱恨”了。
诗中“八表同昏”等诗句，表面看是写天气，而用夏天雷雨前或冬天雪前的景象来形容春季的天色，似乎形容过量，显然，这里是暗喻国政时局被封建贵族、军阀争夺中央政权而搞得天昏地暗，暗寓着诗人关怀世难的忧心。
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苏轼《
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渔家傲·送台守江郎中》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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胡直
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长陵丹阙倚苍葱，万柏分行辇路通。山出恒宗来王气，水连瀛海扈灵宫。
瑶阶羽卫晴天外，玉殿罘罳宿雾中。却看群峰如跃马，还疑万骑猎秋风。